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Introduction: Esophageal varices are generally the mostcommon clinical manifestation of portal hypertension inPatients of liver cirrhosis. Most common causes of deathin liver cirrhosis are hemorrhage from esophageal varices.The present study has been carried out to identify clinical,biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters which mightnon‑invasively predict the existence and the risk of varicealbleed.Material and Methods: The present prospective observationalstudy was conducted in 2 years among 100 patients sufferingfrom liver cirrhosis above 18 years of age. Detailed history,clinical examination, investigations to fulfill the inclusionand exclusion criteria of all patients was taken. Different nonendoscopic parameters were taken Plateletcount, Coagulationprofile, Ultrasonography whole abdomen, Child-PughTorcotte (CPT) Score, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) forthe detection of esophageal varices and its grading in livercirrhosis patients which was confirmed by endoscopy.Results: There was significant association of presence ofesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients with presence oficterus, presence of ascites,presence of splenomegaly, gradeof Child Pugh Score, AST to Platelet rationdex (APRI score)Prothrombin Time and International Normalized Ratio(PT/INR), mean TB (mg/dl), mean spleen size.Conclusions: The result of present study concluded thatsome parameters are strongly associated with grades ofvarices and could be useful for early detection and subsequentmanagement of varices.
RESUMO
Introduction: Dengue fever is a systemic acute viral illnesscaused by Arbo virus from genus flavivirus highly prevalentin the tropics and subtropics, transmitted by Aedes (aegyptiand albopictus) mosquito. Pathogenesis of AKI due to dengueinclude direct action by the virus, hemodynamic instability,rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis and acute glomerular injury.Thisstudy was planned to know the incidence and severity of AKIin patients of Dengue fever.Material and methods: Our study was an observationalretrospective study, done in Subharti Medical College, Deptt.Of Medicine, Meerut between july 2017-December 2018.Medical records of 320 Dengue IgM+ patients admitted duringthis period were studied. Patients were classified into denguefever, dengue hemmorhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome.Results: Out of total 320 patients positive for dengue IgM,48 patients (15%) were found to develop AKI. Out of thetotal 48 patients developing AKI, 26 patients presented withDengue fever, 16 were with Dengue Hemmorhagic Fever and 6presented with dengue shock syndrome. Out of the 48 patientsdiagnosed with AKI, 34 patients fall under KDIGO criteria I, 10patients fall under KDIGO II, 4 patients fall under KDIGO III.Conclusion: Our study concluded that AKI is a major andserious complication,and it is the major cause of Mortality andmorbidity in dengue fever.