To investigate the in-vitro effect of areca nut aqueous extract on reconstituted human epithelium model

To investigate the in vitro effect of areca nut aqueous extract on reconstituted human epithelium model by assessing the morphology of the tissue on formalin fixed paraffin embedded section. Aqueous extract of areca nut, and Phosphate Buffered Saline [as control] was applied to the surface of the buccal epithelium and gingival epithelium. The morphology of the stratified oral epithelial model was examined at 24 and 48 hours by using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. It was found that after 24 hours areca affected the morphology of the tissue by causing intercellular spacing and vacuolation. After 48 hours these changes were more marked and there was disorganization of prickle cell layer. This study has confirmed that aqueous extract of areca nut caused significant histological changes in the tissue examined.

Role of different ingredients of tooth pastes and mouthwashes in oral health

Many different kind of ingredients are incorporated in toothpastes and mouthwashes to keep the oral health in a perfect condition. We have different kinds of toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the market like anti-cavity, extra-whitening and toothpaste for sensitive teeth, toothpastes with stripes, clear and even liver flavored toothpaste for dogs. Modern type of toothpaste contains abrasives which help to scour off bacterial films and fluorides to harden the teeth against caries and have thickeners that stay on the toothbrush. The role of detergents is to remove the fatty films, and water softeners to make the detergents work better. The sweeteners play the role as a non-nutritive which may help stop the attraction of bacteria. Different kind of ingredients incorporate such as detergents and phosphates to prevent the awful taste. A variety of mouthwashes are available in the market according to the different oral conditions like antibacterial mouthwash, whiting mouthwash, fluoride mouthwash and bad breath mouthwash which have a strong enough flavor to hide the bad tastes of decaying bits of previous meals. Both mouthwashes and toothpastes contain active and inactive ingredients which have their own importance and will be recommended according to their different oral conditions

Effect of erythropoietin on cell lines using methyithiazol tetrazolium assay

To investigate the effect of erythropoietin on cellular proliferation in SCC-25, TR146 and FIBS cells lines. This observational study was carried out at Department of Oral Pathology Barts and the London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary, University of London in tye year 2004-2005. This study focuses on the effects of Erythropoietin on 3 cell lines [SCC-25, TR146 and FIBS] when applied for 24 hours respectively, Methylthiazol tetrazolium [MTT] assay was carried out using a range of erythropoietin concentrations [1, 10, 25 units]. Serum free medium was used as a control. In this study erythropoietir significantly increased the cell proliferation of SCC-25 and FIBS with 1 and 10 unit/ml but had no effect on TR146 cells, While 25 unit erythropoietin showed very little effect in increase cell viability in both SCC-25 and FIBS. This study has confirmed that all the concentration of erythropoietin used had effect on SCC-25 and FIBS cell viability but erythropoietin had no effect on TR146 cell viability

expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The objective of this study is to analyse the in vitro expression of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor in pathological biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The biopsy samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma provided by Barts and the London NHS trust hospital. The samples were taken from buccal mucosa, lip, lateral border of tongue, tonsilor region, oropharynx and nasal columnella. These samples were cut to form the formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks, and immunohistochemistry was performed on each sample, which later on viewed under microscope. In this study erythropoietin staining was present in all the specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma studied. Within the tumors Erythropoietin staining showed a differential pattern that was related to the differentiation of the tumour. In poorly differentiated tumours, erythropoietin was present in all the tumour cells spread throughout the tissue. In well differentiated tumours, erythropoietin staining was only present in the prickle cell layer. Erythropoietin receptor staining within the tumours showed a differential staining too. In the poorly differentiated tumours, erythropoietin receptor was only present in the muscle plus adjacent inflammatory cells and was absent in the tumour islands. In the well differentiated tumours some islands showed weak staining in the prickle cell layer, while the surrounding inflammatory infiltrate was positive. This study has confirmed that oral squamous cell carcinoma express both erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor. Erythropoietin staining showed a differential pattern that was related to the differentiation of tumour. Erythropoietin receptor was expressed in salivary gland ducts and serous but not in mucous acini. These findings suggest that more studies are needed to explore the functional significance of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and in salivary glands