RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of Nepafenac 0.1% eye drops in maintaining mydriasis during phacoemulsification cataract surgery
METHODS: Patients of 40 - 65 years of age undergoing phacoemulsificaton cataract surgery were randomly divided into two groups. One group received Nepafenac 0.1% eye drops and the other group received placebo [Tears Naturale II eye drops]. Pre - operatively; all patients received tropicamide 1% eye drops and phenylephrine 2.5% eye drops
The surgery in all the cases was done by the same ophthalmologist; with intra - operative epinephrine in the irrigating solution. The pupil size was measured with caliper at three steps; immediately before the surgical incision [baseline], at the end of phacoemulsification, and at the end of surgery
RESULTS: 60 eyes of 60 patients were included in the study. 30 eyes were in the Nepafenac 0.1% group and another 30 in the placebo group. The mean age of our patients was 54.18 +/- 7.49 years. The mean diameter of pupil at end of surgery was 7.65 +/- 0.71 mm in Nepafenac group V/s 6.67 +/- 0.97 mm in the placebo group [P- Value < 0.001]
In the Nepafenac group; the pupil size at the end of surgery decreased by a mean of 0.55 +/- 0.51 mm [range 0.00 - 1.50 mm]. Meanwhile; in placebo group the pupil size decreased by a mean of 1.05 +/- 0.87 mm [range 0.00 - 3.5 mm]. This difference was statistically significant [P = 0.009]
CONCLUSION: The pre - operative use of Nepafenac 0.1% eye drops was effective in maintaining mydriasis during phacoemulsification cataract surgery
RESUMO
Purpose: to document the clinico-epidemiological features and laboratory diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcer observed at a tertiary referral center
Design: prospective descriptive study
Setting: department of Ophthalmology Unit III, Eye Hospital, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hyderabad, Sindh-Pakistan from April 2007 to March 2010
Material and methods: three hundred and fifteen patients of different ages having provisional diagnosis of suppurative corneal ulceration were registered for the study. Data were collected through history and slit lamp examination. Corneal scraping was performed. A portion of each scraping was examined by direct microscopy. Another portion was inoculated directly on to solid culture media
Result: among corneal scraping from 315 patients, the fungus grew in 116 [36.8%]. The mean age of patients was 42.6 years [ranged between 9 and 82 years]. Majority of patients [80; 68.97%] were between the 3[rd] and 5[th] decade of life. Males [72; 62.1%] were affected more often. Majority of the patients [80; 69%] was from rural areas. A majority of [52; 44.80%] patients was farmer by profession. Corneal trauma [70; 60.4%] was identified as the leading precipitating factor. Forty eight [41.4%] patients had corneal injury with vegetative material. The peak incidence observed in the months of October to December followed by March to June. The clinical features were dry, thick and raised grayish white corneal surface in 76 [65.51%] patients, stromal infiltrates with feathery margins in 64 [55.2%] patients, typical satellite lesions in 19 [16.38%] patients, hypopyon was present in 70 [60.3%] patients. Candida albicans was the most frequent organism which was isolated in eighty [69%] patients
Conclusion: fungi were found to be the frequent cause of suppurative corneal ulcer following agriculture trauma and Candida albicans being the most commonly isolated pathogen. For the diagnosis of fungal infection direct microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide 10% is a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method