Nupela species (Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) from Colombian lowland waters including N. acaciensis nov. sp. and N. catatumbensis nov. sp. / Especies de Nupela (Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) en aguas de tierras bajas de Colombia que incluyen a N. acaciensis nov. sp. y N. catatumbensis nov. sp.

The genus Nupela comprises ca. 50 species that generally have a distribution restricted by bioclimatic frontiers. As part of an integrated analysis of the diatom flora of Colombia, in this study we focused our interest on the genus Nupela from lowland waters. Periphyton samples were collected from 150 sites of lotic water bodies in Colombia, taking into account hidrogeomorfological variability. In each sampling station, periphyton samples were obtained by scraping, and temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity variables were measured. Samples were processed by both light microscopy (LM; Carl Zeiss Axio Scope.A1) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM; FEI-Quanta 450 and a Jeol JSM-6360 LV). The genus Nupela was found in 28 sites. Five taxa were identified, described and illustrated from tropical or subtropical environments: N. lesothensis, N. praecipua y N. subpallavicinii; these were new records for Colombia, and N. acaciensis and N. catatumbensis two new species for science. N. acaciensis is characterized by raphe branches of both valves equally long combined with cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 2 transapically elongated areolae that delimit a longitudinal line at each hemivalve. N. catatumbensis is characterized by the presence of a well developed raphe in both valves; valves lanceolate with subcapitated to capitated ends and cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 3-4 transapically elongated areolae, interestriae elevated as transapical ribs and internal proximal raphe ends hook-shaped. The genus Nupela was widely distributed in the studied basins but showed different distribution patterns: N. acaciensis and N. subpallavicini had a restricted distribution, while N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis and N. praecipua had a wider distribution, and were collected in sites with significant variations in their ecomorphology, altitude, temperature, pH and electrolyte content.

El género Nupela comprende alrededor de 50 especies que tienen en general una distribución restringida por fronteras bioclimáticas. Como parte de un estudio integral de la flora diatomológica de Colombia, en este trabajo focalizamos nuestro interés en el género Nupela en cuerpos de agua de tierras bajas. Muestras de perifiton fueron recolectadas en 150 sitios en cuerpos de agua lóticos seleccionados por su variabilidad hidrogeomorfológica. En cada estación de muestreo se obtuvieron muestras por raspado de varios sustratos, y adicionalmente se registraron: temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto y conductividad. Las muestras fueron procesadas para su análisis con microscopio óptico (MO, Carl Zeiss Axio Scope. A1) y de barrido (MEB; FEI- Quanta 450 and a Jeol JSM-6360 LV). El género Nupela fue hallado en 28 sitios. Cinco especies fueron identificadas, descritas e ilustradas, tres de ellas: N. lesothensis, N. praecipua y N. subpallavicinii fueron descritas para ambientes tropicales y subtropicales y representan nuevas citas para Colombia. Además fueron descritas N. acaciensis y N. catatumbensis, dos especies nuevas para la ciencia. N. acaciensis se caracteriza por poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas, simetría cymbelloide, estrías formadas por dos aréolas transapicalmente alargadas que definen una línea longitudinal en cada hemivalva. N. catatumbensis se caracteriza poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas. Valvas lanceoladas con extremos subcapitados a capitados y simetría cymbelloide. Estrías formadas por 3-4 aréolas transapicalmente alargadas, interestrías elevadas a modo de costillas transapicales y extremos proximales internos del rafe en forma de gancho. El género Nupela estuvo ampliamente representado en el área de estudio, sin embargo, las especies mostraron diferentes patrones de distribución. N. acaciensis y N. subpallavicini estuvieron presentes en una única cuenca, mientras que N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis y N. praecipua presentaron una distribución más amplia, y fueron recolectadas en sitios con variaciones significativas en ecomorfología, altitud, temperatura, pH y contenido electrolítico.

Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross, primer registro del género para Colombia / Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross, first record of the genus for Colombia / Primeiro registro do gênero Capartogramma e da espécie C. crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross, para Colômbia

Objetivo. Dar a conocer el primer registro para Colombia del género Capartogramma y la especie Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross. Materiales y métodos. Esta diatomea es descrita a partir de muestras de epifiton colectadas durante los años 2006-2009, en la Ciénaga de Ayapel, Córdoba (Colombia). Resultados. La morfología de los materiales estudiados se describe y se mencionan algunos aspectos relacionados con su distribución geográfica y las condiciones fisicoquímicas del medio acuático en que fueron encontrados. Conclusión. Con la confirmación de la presencia de esta especie en Colombia, se amplía su distribución en Sudamérica.

Objective. To report for the first time the occurrence in Colombia of the genus Capartogramma and the species Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross. Materials and methods. This diatom is described based on epiphyton samples collected during the years 2006-2009 in the Ayapel swamp in Cordoba. Results. We describe the morphology of the studied materials and present some aspects related to their geographical distribution and the physicochemical conditions of the aquatic environment where they were collected. Conclusion. The confirmation of the presence of this species in Colombia broadens its geographic distribution in South America.

Objetivo. Apresentar o primeiro registro para Colômbia do gênero Capartogramma e da espécie Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow ex Cleve) Ross. Materiais e métodos. Esta diatomácea é descrita a partir de amostras de perifíton coletadas durante os anos 2006-2009, na planície inundável de Ayapel, Cordoba (Colômbia). Resultados. A morfologia dos materiais estudados é descrita e mencionam-se alguns aspectos relacionados com a sua distribuição geográfica e as condições físico-químicas do ambiente aquático em que foram encontrados. Conclusão. Com a confirmação da presença dessa espécie na Colômbia, amplia-se sua distribuição na América do Sul.

Diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: the Genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema (Cymbellales: Bacillariophyceae)

Diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: the Genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae). The diatom flora of the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon is far less studied than the flora of the Brazilian sector of the basin. Here we present results related to the genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema. Plankton and periphyton samples were collected in lotic and lentic waterbodies from the Amazonian-Andean region, the Amazon River, Japurá River and Porvenir River basins during 1993, 1994, 2001 and 2003. At each sampling station pH, temperature, water transparency and conductivity were registered. Samples were analyzed with phase contrast microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ten taxa are new records for the area; Encyonema for the Peruvian and Colombian Amazon and Encyonopsis for the Colombian Sector. Encyonema neogracile var. tenuipunctatum, E. vulgare, Encyonopsis frequentis, Gomphonema augur var. sphaerophorum and G. contraturris are recorded for the first time in Colombia; Encyonema venezolanum and G. neoapiculatum in Colombia and Peru and the latter also for Amazonia. E. angustecapitatum was mentioned in Colombia before at a pond located at 3000m asl. We describe a new species from Porvenir River, Amazonas, Colombia: Encyonema amazonianum. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 45-62. Epub 2010 March 01.

La flora diatomológica de la Amazonia Colombiana y Peruana está mucho menos estudiada que la flora del sector brasilero. Se presentan los resultados de los géneros Encyonema, Encyonopsis y Gomphonema. Muestras de plancton y perifiton fueron colectadas en ambientes lóticos y lénticos de la región amazónica-andina, en los ríos Amazonas, Japurá y Porvenir durante 1993, 1994, 2001 y 2003. En cada estación de muestreo se realizaron mediciones de pH, temperatura, transparencia del agua y conductividad. Las muestras fueron analizadas con microscopio óptico con contraste de fases y microscopio electrónico de barrido. Diez taxones son nuevos registros para el área; Encyonema en la Amazonia peruano-colombiana y Encyonopsis en el sector colombiano. Encyonema neogracile var. tenuipunctatum, E. vulgare, Encyonopsis frequentis, Gomphonema augur var. sphaerophorum y G. contraturris se reportan por primera vez en Colombia; Encyonema venezolanum y Gomphonema neoapiculatum en Colombia y Perú y la última también en la Amazonia. E. angustecapitatum fue previamente registrada en una laguna de altura en Colombia localizada a 3.000 msnm. Se describe una nueva especie, Encyonema amazonianum, colectada en el Río Porvenir, Amazonas, Colombia.

Diatoms from lentic and lotic systems in Antioquia, Chocó and Santander Departments in Colombia

In the tropical and subtropical regions, there is a large number of species which has not been yet described. The high possibility of extinction makes their inventory a priority. In this paper, 23 diatoms taxa from Andean lotic systems and lentic waterbodies localized in the Departments of Antioquia, Santander and Chocó, Colombia, are analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Each taxon is described and information about environmental characteristic of the sites where they were collected and distribution in Colombia is given. The studied taxa belong to the orders Thalassiosirales (1), Aulacoseirales (1), Fragilariales (4), Cymbellales (7), Achnanthales (2), Naviculales (7), and Thalassiophysales (1). Fifteen of them are recorded for the first time in Colombia and Encyonema jemtlandicum in South America. A comparison with the diatom flora of the Colombian Amazonia showed that there were only three taxa in common to these two equatorial regions probably due to the influence of altitudinal gradient. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3): 1159-1178. Epub 2008 September 30.

En este artículo se analizan con microscopios de luz y electrónico de barrido 23 taxones de diatomeas provenientes de sistemas lénticos y lóticos andinos localizados en los Departamentos de Antioquia, Santander y Chocó, Colombia. Cada taxon es descrito e ilustrado y se brinda información acerca de su distribución en Colombia y de las condiciones físicas y químicas en las que fueron colectados. Los taxones estudiados pertenecen a los órdenes Thalassiosirales (1), Aulacoseirales (1), Fragilariales (4), Cymbellales (7), Achnanthales (2), Naviculales (7) y Thalassiophysales (1). 15 de ellos son registrados por primera vez para Colombia y Encyonema jemtlandicum es primer registro para América del Sur. Una comparación con la flora diatomológica de la Amazonía Colombiana, mostró que únicamente 3 taxones fueron hallados en ambas regiones, probablemente debido a la influencia de los gradientes altitudinales.

Diatoms from the Colombian Amazon: some species of the genus Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae)

This research was carried out in three of the most important basins of the Colombian Amazon (Upper Solimões, Iça and Japurá Rivers). The creeks and lakes that were studied contain abundant diatom species, particularly those of the genus Eunotia. Ten species are described; five of them are registered for the first time in the Amazon basin, and six in all of Colombia. All taxa were photographed with scanning electron microscopy. Fine valve morphology of E. anamargariate, E. pseudoindica, E. triodon, and E. zydodon var. compacta is described for the first time.

O trabalho realizou-se nas três bacias mais importantes da Amazônia Colombiana (Alto Solimões, Içá e Japurá). Os igarapés e lagos estudados apresentam alta riqueza de diatomáceas, principalmente do gênero Eunotia. Foram descritas 10 espécies e, pela primeira vez, a morfologia das valvas de E. anamargaritae, E. pseudoindica, E. triodon e E. zydodon var. compacta, foram descritas ao microscópio eletrônico. Dentre as espécies de Eunotia, encontradas no presente estudo, seis são primeiras citações para a Colômbia e cinco para a região amazônica.