Prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermidis in biomaterial related infections

To determine the prevalence spectrum of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in biomaterial infections. Experimental and observational study. This study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, during the period of January 2010 to Dec. 2010. A total of 300 subjects of all ages and sex were included. Swab from cannulae tips, catheters tips, old cannulae infected wounds, injection abscess were collected from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, National Institute of Child Health and Civil Hospital, Karachi and processed according to standard laboratory methods. A total 103 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, causing biomaterial related infection, isolated from 300 patients were analyzed. Bacterial pathogens were commonly isolated from patients of all ages who developed biomaterial related infections. Patients suffering from infections related with biomaterial should be monitored for MRSE at regular intervals

Bacteriological spectrum of clinical specimens from cases of nosocomial infections in paediatric ICU

To assess bacteriological spectrum, of isolates from cases of nosocomial infections in pediatric ICU. subjective study that was carried out from November 2009 to September 2010, on two hundred samples which were taken from patients in pediatric ICU, tertiary care hospital who were clinically suspected of having nosocomial infection and processed for the diagnosis and isolation of the infective organisms in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Total 200 samples were collected. Out of these 143 samples showed positive results. 138 were of bacterial growth while 5 samples were positive for fungus. Among these 61 were positive for septicemia, 44 positive for UTI and 17 samples were positive for respiratory tract related disease, while 21 positive for miscellaneous samples. This study presents a general overview of nosocomial pathogens in Pediatric ICUS and emphasizes the importance of timely clinical and bacteriological monitoring among children especially in patients in critically ill situation

Evaluation of sampling sites for detection of potential pathogenic bacteris in children with upper respiratory infections [URTIs]

URTIs are common cause of morbidity in children. Two sampling techniques, oropharynx [OP] and nasopharynx [NP] for detection of upper respiratory tract [URT] pathogenic bacteria were studied. To determine which sample site, NP or Op yields the highest rate of S. pneunoinae, H. influenze, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus and S. pyogenes isolates at different age group. The aim of present study was to evaluate as to which sample site yields the highest rates of bacterial isolates in children with upper respiratory tract infection [URTIs]. The prevalence of potential pathogenic bacteria [S. pneumoinae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus and S. pyogenes] from 150 infected children of various ages, >5, 6-10 and 11-15 years were compared in NP and OP samples having URTIs. S. pneumoinae was found equally in both NP and OP sites while H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus were more in OP sample while S. pyogenes was isolated in OP alone

Prevalence of upper respiratory bacterial pathogens in children

To determine the spectrum of potential pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract [URT1]. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi during the period of June 2004 to June 2005. A total of 600 subjects of 5-15 years of age were included. Swabs from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal were collected from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, National Institute of Child Health and other ENT clinics and processed according to Standard Laboratory Methods. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. This study included 600 cases and yielded 102 [17%] different strains of bacterial pathogens. Bacterial pathogens were commonly isolated from 5-10 years age children who developed upper respiratory tract infections

Clinicomycological study in Karachi

To find out frequency of dermatophytosis in Karachi and correlation between clinical types and strain isolated. This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from September 2000 to August, 2001.Three hundreds seventy-three patients having skin, hair and nail infection [clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis] were examined. The skin scraping, hair plucking and nail clipping were taken and subjected to direct microscopy and culture on mycobiotic agar [Difco] for isolation of dermatophytes. Various special media were used for species identification. Dermatophytosis was predominantly found among adults 246 [66.8%] population. Most common clinical pattern was of tinea corporis [26.9], followed by tinea cruris [25.8],tinea unguium [19.3], tinea capitis [17.4], tinea pedis [7.9], tinea faciei [4.6] tinea manuum [2.2] and tinea barbae [0.8] respectively. Tinea cruris was significantly found more in males 83 [36.9%] than females 12 [8.4%] [P<0.001]. Species of dermatophytes were recovered from 184 cases, out of which 95 [51.6%] strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 43 [23.4%] strains of Trichophyton violaceum, 25 [13.7%] strains of Epidermophyton floccosum,15 [8.2%] strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 06 [3.2%] strains of Trichophyton tonsurans respectively. Trichophyton rubrum was found to be commonest etiological agent in different clinical types. Dermatophytosis is found to be more common in adult population. Tinea cruris being more common in miles while tinea corporis and tinea unguium relatively common in females Trichophyton rubrum was found to be commonest etiological agent in different clinical types

Frequency of dermatophytosis in Karachi in relation to variation in climatic conditions

To find out the frequency of dermatophytosis in Karachi in relation to variation in climatic conditions. This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from September 2000 to August, 2001. Three hundreds seventy-three patients having skin, hair and nail infection [clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis] were examined. The skin scraping, hair plucking and nail clipping were taken and subjected to direct microscopy and culture on mycobiotic agar [Difco] for isolation of dermatophytes. The results indicated a strong correlation between dermatophytosis and certain climatic conditions. With the rise in temperature and humidity a corresponding rise in the frequency of dermatophytosis was recovered. The frequency increases in summer and decreases in winter. Most cases were recorded during May to August and then a gradual decline was observed. High temperature and humidity are the factors responsible for increase-frequency of dermatophytosis. There is strong correlation of dermatophytosis with variation in climatic conditions, the infection more frequent in hot and humid weather

Dermatophytes causing tinea cruris in our population

To find out etiology and species identification of dermatophytes causing tinea cruris. Prospective study.This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from September 2000 to August, 2001. Ninety-five patients having skin infections [clinically suspected cases of tinea cruris] were examined. The skin scraping were taken from active border of the lesions and subjected to direct microscopy and culture on mycobiotic agar [Difco] for isolation of dermatophytes. Various special media were used for species identification. Tinea cruris was predominantly seen in adult [85.2%] than in adolescent [9.5%] and children [5.3%]. Out of 95 cases studied 83 [87.4%] were males and 12 [12.6%] were females. Tinea cruris was significantly found more in males [87.4%] than females [12.6%] [P < 0.001]. Regarding various species of dermatophytes, 38 [67.9%] cases were caused by Trichophyton rubrum, 14 [25%] by Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 02 [3.5%]. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton tonsurans accounted for the remaining 01 [1.8%] case respectively. Tinea cruris is a common problem of our population affecting predominantly male population. Different species like Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton tonsurans is most commonly isolated from study group. It is proposed that a large sample size study with antifungal drugs sensitivity should be designed to get a more clear picture of dermatophytes involved in Tinea cruris

Is vancomycin the only choice for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus? results from a multi-centered study on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of staphylococcus aureus isolated from nosocomial infections

To observe the pattern of antibiotic resistance in methicillin sensitive and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Two hundred Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with hospital- acquired infections were collected. Methicillin resistance was determined by disc [oxacillin 1 micro g] diffusion method. Sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents was determined by Kirby Baurer disc diffusion method. The methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found sensitive to vancomycin [100%], fusidic acid [88.5%], chloramphenicol [80.8%] and fosfomycin [61.5%]. All the isolates were highly resistant to other classes of antimicrobial agents. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus shows multi-drug resistance and infections caused by these isolates are difficult to treat. However our results show that beside vancomycin; fusidic acid, chloramphenicol and fosfomycin are good choices and should be tried for the isolates showing sensitivity to these agents

Etiology of tinea corporis in Karachi

To find out the demographic distribution and species of dermatophytes causing tinea corporis in Karachi, Pakistan. Design: Prospective study. Place And Duration: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from September 2000 to August, 2001. Subjects and Ninety-nine patients having skin infections [clinically suspected cases of tinea corporis] were examined. The skin scraping were taken from active border of the lesions and subjected to direct microscopy and culture on mycobiotic agar [Difco] for isolation of dermatophytes. Various special media were used for species identification. Tinea corporis was generally predominantly seen in adult [74.8%] than in adolescent [14%] and children [11.1%]. Out of 99 cases 53 [53.5%] were males and 46 [46.5%] were females. Tinea corporis was relatively more common in males. 48 strains were recovered out of these 29 [60.4%] strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 09 [18.7%] strains of Epidermophyton [floccosum], 08 strains of Trichophyton violaecum and two strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tinea corporis was relatively more common in males. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophytes. Species identification is necessary to prevent spread of infection and choice of appropriate antifungal agent