Epidemiology and survival of colon cancer among Egyptians: a retrospective study / Epidemiologia e sobrevida para o câncer de cólon entre egípcios: estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the 4th commonest cancer in the world. Studies had shown different tumor behavior depending on the site, pathology and stage. However the characters of Egyptian colon cancer patients are not well addressed. Method: Computerized registry of a tertiary cancer hospital in Egypt was searched for colon cancer cases. Demographic, pathologic and treatment data were collected and analyzed using SPSS program. Results: About 360 colon cancer patients attended our center in the last 12 years. Tumor characters showed great diverse from that of developed countries, with especially different prognosis and survival. Conclusion: Egyptians have unique tumor characters and behavior, and different compliance with treatment regimens. Multicenter prospective studies, as well as evolving Egyptian treatment guidelines are needed to address this.

RESUMO Introdução: Câncer colorretal é a quarta neoplasia mais comum a nível mundial. Estudos demonstraram diferentes comportamentos do tumor, dependendo do local, da patologia e do estágio. Contudo, ainda não estão devidamente definidas as características dos pacientes egípcios com câncer de cólon. Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa no registro computadorizado de um hospital terciário para pacientes com câncer, à busca de casos de câncer de cólon. Foi feita coleta de dados demográficos, patológicos e terapêuticos. Tais dados foram então submetidos à análise com o programa SPSS. Resultados: Nos últimos 12 anos, cerca de 360 pacientes portadores de câncer de cólon foram atendidos em nosso Centro. As características dos tumores demonstraram grandes diferenças em comparação com os achados de países desenvolvidos e, em especial, com relação ao prognóstico e à sobrevida. Conclusão: Os egípcios exibem características e comportamentos singulares com relação aos tumores, além de diferentes graus de cooperação com os regimes terapêuticos. Para que tais aspectos sejam sanados, há necessidade de mais estudos prospectivos multicêntricos, bem como de um aprimoramento das diretrizes terapêuticas para os egípcios.

Assessment of Infection Control among Health Care Workers in Healthcare Centers Sana'a, Yemen : A cross-sectional study

An Analysis of a Survey Questionnaire on health care workers’ knowledge and practices regarding of infection control and complains them to apply universal precautions. Health care workers are at substantial risk of acquiring blood borne pathogen infections through exposure to blood or other products of patients. To assess of infection control among health care workers in Sana'a healthcare centers, Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the health center to assess knowledge and practices regarding of infection control among 237 health workers in Sana,a city. A structured self-administered questionnaires were used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the associations were tested with chi-square, with p-value of < 0.05. The health care workers in public centers ware (51.1%) and (48.9%) of them works in private centers. One hundred and seventeen (49.4%) respondents had poor infection control knowledge, 113 (43.5%) had fair knowledge, and 17 (7.2%) had good knowledge. The knowledge was significantly associated with type of center (P < 0.018), such that the public center had the highest proportion with poor knowledge. And nurses and midwife having the highest proportion with fair knowledge of infection control. Eight (3.4%) respondents had a poor practice of universal precautions, 93 (39.2%) had fair practice, and 136 (57.4%) good practice. The practice was significantly associated with the profession, level of education and work experience (P < 0.001), (P < 0.006), (P < 0.001) respectively, and nurses and midwives as the profession with the highest proportion with good practice. We conclude that the practices and knowledge of universal precautions were low and that's need for intensive programmes to educate health care workers on various aspects of standard precautions and infection control programmes and policies.

Cerebral metabolites concentrations determined by quantitative proton MR spectroscopy in patients of intracerebral haematomas

This study was made to investigate serial metabolic changes in frontal lobes of patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] to found any correlation between N-acetylaspartate [NAA] and degree of motor impairment or clinical outcome. Forty three patients with deep ICH were examined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy by multivoxel method [voxel=10 X 10 X 20 mm; 64 voxels]. NAA/creatine ratios in the white matter of the primary motor and premotor areas on both sides were measured sequentially: within 48 hours, at 2 weeks, and 1 month after onset using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale We found, in the primary motor area on the affected side, the NAA/ creatine ratio decreased sequentially. At 48 hours and 2 weeks after onset, a negative correlation was detected between NAA/creatine and hematoma volume, but there was no correlation 1 month later. At 2 weeks, NAA/ creatine correlated negatively with motor impairment. In conclusions, there is delayed gradual reduction of NAA/creatine ratio in the frontal lobes correlating with motor deficit and clinical outcome after deep ICH

Clinical, Biochemical, Histological and Virological Effect of·Dimthylene Dioxy Biphenyle Dicarboxylate [DOB] in Patients with Compensated Chronic Hepatitis C

Background: chronic liver disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Egypt. D.D.B. was found to improve the abnormal liver function tests in those patients. Since then it has been used in the management of chronic liver disease, yet clinical improvement and changes in the biochemical and pathological examination are still considered study questions

Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of D.D.B. compared to Silymarine in wells compensated patients with chronic HCV infection

Method: the study population included 50 patients with compensated chronic HCV infection subdivided into two groups 25 patients each. One group received D.D.B. for 48 weeks and the other received Sily-marine for the same period of time. Each patient was subjected to assessment of the liver function tests, virological studies, abdominal ultrasound, isotope liver scan, liver biopsy and rectal snip before starting the treatment. Further evaluation was performed by repeating the liver function tests every 3 months, the abdominal ultrasound every 6 months, the rest of the tests and the liver biopsy were repeated after one year i.e. at the end of treatment

Results: sustained normalization of ALT level and transient normalization of the AST level was found in the DDB group. No significant effect on the. HCV RNA, level was detected after one year of D.D.B. therapy; in none of the patients did the HCV RNA become undetectable. The liver-splenic ratio in the iso-topic studies showed significant decrease after one-year therapy with D.D.B. The grade of inflammation was unchanged in 10 cases, worse in 11 cases and better in 3 cases while fibrosis was unchanged in 22 cases and worse in 2 cases. No major side effects were observed in either group of patients

Conclusion: DDB has no antiviral effect in patients with chronic HCV infection. It does not show a histological benefit [neither in terms of degree of necroinflammation nor stage of fibrosis] after 1 year of treatment and when compared to Silymarin. On the other hand it improves some biochemical parameters [ALT] as well as the general well being of the patients. It has no major side effects

Clinical comparison of two different types of elastic ligatures

Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances significantly increases the risk of white spot lesions and enamel demineralization around the orthodontic attachments. White spot lesions and enamel decalcification are attributed to prolonged accumulation and retention of dental plaque on the enamel surface adjacent to the orthodontic attachments. A clinical trial was conducted to determine whether ligating orthodontic brackets with fluoride releasing elastic ligatures [FREL] reduce white spot formation compared with conventional elastic ligatures [CEL]. Twenty patients were incorporated into the study [age range 13-15 years]. All the twenty patients showed a class t malocclusion with a problem of crowding requiring extraction of four first premolars. Full fixed orthodontic therapy was performed for all the twenty patients. Each of the twenty patients had eight FREL, eight CEL placed in a cross quadrant fashion on their orthodontic attachments from second premolar to second premolar in both maxillary and mandibular arches, accordingly 16 elastic ligatures were placed per patient. The elastic ligatures were changed every four weeks throughout the course of the study. At the end of the active orthodontic treatment, the teeth were dried and scored for decalcification. Enamel decalcification was noticed in four teeth of the FREL group [2.5%] and in 16 teeth of the CEL group [10%]. These results were significant at the 5% level of significance [p<0.05] Results showed that, FREL might offer significant caries protection around bonded brackets independent of patient cooperation

The relationship of the glenoid fossa position and functional occlusal plane in skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior open bite

The correlation of the glenoid fossa position to the occlusal planes in twenty-three skeletal class III malocclusion cases with anterior open-bite were investigated. The sample was collected from the Orthodontic patients in Orthodontic Department, Tanta University. They were selected with the ANB angle less than zero angles. Another twenty-one subjects with normal occlusion were collected from the secondary school students used as control group. All the subjects enrolled in this investigation have an age above seventeen years old. The geometric center of the glenoid fossa was first identified by using a transparent template containing a series of circles whose diameter increased in one-millimeter increments with demarcated centers. The largest circle that nearly fit and tangent to the superior, anterior, and posterior surfaces of the glenoid fossa, was determined. The distance from sella turcica to this center and the perpendicular heights from this center to the lower and upper occlusal planes were measured. The heights that affect the cant of the occlusal plane were measured which are the upper and lower anterior and posterior dental heights. The relationship of the glenoid fossa position represented by S-GC-F1 and S-GC- F2 angles [F1 and F2 are the intersection of the perpendicular from GC on the lower and upper occlusal plane respectively] to the cant of the upper and lower occlusal planes which represented by the length of GC-F1 and GC-F2 were correlated by coefficient correlation test. The results of this study indicate increases of theses angle in both genders of class III with anterior open-bite than in normal subjects. While, the distance from the geometric center to the lower occlusal plane were decreased and increased to the upper occlusal plane in the malocclusion cases than normal. The results also indicate positive correlation between the glenoid fossa position represented by S-GC-F1 angle and the cant of the lower occlusal plane [represented by GC-F1 height] while, no correlation exist between its position represented by S-GCF2 angle and the cant of upper occlusal plane [represented by GC-F2 heigh]. It also indicates decreases in upper anterior and posterior dental height that may attributed most probably to the character of the skeletal, class III cases represented in maxillary deficiency or underdeveloped maxilla

In conclusion: 1- There is a positive correlation between the glenoid fossa position and the cant of the lower occlusal plane. 2- Very weak negative correlation between the glenoid fossa position and the cant of upper occlusal plane. 3- Drawing one colossal plane in midway between incisors to the medial cusp of the first molar teeth is adequate in diagnosis of class III malocclusion with anterior open-bite. 4- Growth problems [underdeveloped or overdeveloped] of the middle cranial fosse has direct effect on the globoid fosse position and consequently on the mandibular position and the cant of lower occlusal plane. 5-There are increase in lower anterior and posterior dentoalveolar heights and decrease of upper anterior and posterior dentoalveolar heights in class III malocclusion with anterior open-bite cases than normal occlusion

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of the glenoid fossa in untreated adult skeletal class III malocclusions with anterior open-bite to the functional occlusal plane in males and females to reach through diagnosis and treatment planning particularly in orthognathic cases

Aetiologic and diagnostic study of thyroid opthalomopathy

This study included 17 patients with an age ranged 17-42 years. They have thyroid eye disease. MR images of the thyroid gland and orbits were performed on 1.5 Tesla machine. TI weighted images were obtained with repetition time [TR] of about 500 ms and echo time [ET] of 20-25 ms. T2 weighted images were obtained with TR of 2000-2500 ms and TE of 30-80 ms. Excess fat deposition in the retro-bulbar space was reported in 9 cases and muscle involvement was reported in 11 cases. Five cases showed symmetrical enlargement of extra ocular muscles, while 5 cases were asymmetrical and one case was unilateral. The distribution of muscle involvement was in the following order: Inferior rectus 64.7%, medial rectus 52.9%, superior rectus 29.4% and least frequency was in the lateral rectus 17.6%. The enlarged muscles have fusiform expansion with tapering towards muscle tendon. They have signal intensity similar to normal signal intensity of the muscle on TI weighted images. On T2 weighted images, they were hypointense in 10 cases and hyperintense in one case. Lacrimal gland involvement was recorded in 2 cases