Image-Guided BrachyAblation (IGBA) en hepatocarcinoma: descripción de la técnica y reporte del primer caso en Chile / Image-guided brachyablation for hepatocarcinoma: report of one case

Eighty percent of hepatocarcinomas are inoperable at the moment of diagnosis. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in these cases, but local therapies are another alternative. Among these, Image-Guided BrachyAblation is a safe choice. We report a 76-year-old male with a hepatocarcinoma, who was considered inoperable due to the high surgical risk of the patient. A local treatment with Image-Guided BrachyAblation was decided. A brachytherapy needle was placed in the tumor under computed tomography guidance and a 15 Gy single dose was delivered from an Iridium-192 source. The patient had no immediate complications and at one month of follow up he continued without incidents.

Sobrevida en carcinoma espinocelular de labio / Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip survival rate

Background: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the lip represents about 20% of all oral carcinomas. It is more common in men, peaking during their sixth and seventh decade, and is more prevalent in the lower lip. Aim: To determine the five years survival rate of Chilean patients with lip SCC. Material and Methods: The registry of the Chilean National Cancer Institute was reviewed to retrieve the clinical records of patients with lip SCC. Information about age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, degree of pathological differentiation, lip location, type of treatment and metastases was recorded. Survival was determined with death certificates from the National Identification Service. Results: Seventy four patients were identified. Their 5-year survival was 73%. Conclusions: The survival rate of this group of patients is lower than that of patients from Unites States who have an 89.5% survival, according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the North American National Cancer Institute.

Efecto de dos probióticos que contienen cepas de Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus y lactobacillus johnsonii sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Streptococcus mutans / Effect of two probiotics containing lactobacillus casei rhamnosus and lactobacillus johnsonii variety on the in vitro growth of treptococcus mutans

La caries dental es una de las enfermedades mas prevalentes en la población mundial y más aún en los países en desarrollo, por lo que se necesitan nuevas medidas para su prevención. Estudios previos señalan que el efecto de cepas probióticas inhibe la colonización de los patógenos responsables de la caries dental como el Streptococcus mutans, previniendo la aparición de la caries dental. El objetivo fue medir el efecto de las cepas probióticas Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus (LCR32) y Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) sobre le crecimiento in vitro de Streptococcus mutans. Se midió el efecto in vitro de las cepas de dos probióticos comercializados en Chile; Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus (LCR32) contenidas en Lactil® y Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) contenidas en Chamyto, sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Streptococcus mutans. Se realizaron medios de cultivo selectivos para Streptococcus mutans a los cuales se les adicionaron cuatro diluciones diferentes de cada probiótico y se midió el halo de inhibición de los Streptococcus mutans con un pie de metro. Los probióticos con las cepas Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus (LCR32) y Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) inhiben el crecimiento sobre Streptococcus mutans. Ambos probióticos en las dos concentraciones más altas no obtuvieron diferencias significativas en relación a los halos de inhibición. Sin embargo, el probiótico con la cepa Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus (LCR35), mostró halos de inhibición más significativos en comparación a la cepa Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1). Las cepas probióticas Lactobacillus casei variedad rhamnosus (LCR35) y Lactobacillus Johnosonii (LA1) disminuyen la colonización de las principales bacterias productoras de caries dental, de tal forma estos probióticos podrían ser utilizados como apoyo en la prevención y profilaxis de la enfermedad en pacientes de alto riesgo cariogénico, en forma adicional a otros medios de prevención.

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and even more in the population of developing countries, so it is necessary to use new measures for prevention. Previous studies indicate that the effect of probiotic strains inhibit colonization of pathogens responsible for dental caries such as Streptococcus mutans, preventing the onset of dental caries. The aim was to measure the effect of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (LCR32) and Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) on in vitro growth will Streptococcus mutans. We measured the effect in vitro of two probiotic strains marketed in Chile; Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (LCR32) contained in Lactyl ® and Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) contained in Chamyto on in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans. Culture media were made selective for Streptococcus mutans to which were added four different dilutions of each probiotic and measured the zone of inhibition of Streptococcus mutans with a foot tube. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (LCR32) and Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1) inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Both probiotics in the two higher concentrations no significant differences in relation to the zones of inhibition. However, the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus variety (LCR35) showed the most significant zones of inhibition compared to the strain Lactobacillus johnsonii (LA1). The probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus variety (LCR35) and Lactobacillus Johnosonii (LA1) decreased the colonization of the main dental caries producing bacteria, so these probiotic could be used as support in the prevention and prophylaxis of the disease in high-risk cariogenic patients, additionally in other means of prevention.

Análisis dosimétrico en braquiterapia ginecológica de alta tasa de dosis / Dosimetric analysis in high dose rate gynecological brachytherapy

OBJETIVO: Analizar la dosimetría en braquiterapia ginecólogica para el dispositivo Fletcher-Suit-Delclos con alta tasa de dosis, mediante placas radiográficas ortogonales (anteroposterior y lateral) versus tomografía axial computada (TAC). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se compararon dosimetrías de 4 implantes, realizadas con placas ortogonales y TAC pélvico en la Unidad de Braquiterapia del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer durante el mes de febrero del año 2006. Se prescribieron dosis de 8 Gy/fracción a punto H y se evaluó dosis a vejiga, recto y vagina según norma internacional. RESULTADOS: Las dosimetrías por TAC mostraron puntos calientes superiores a las placas ortogonales, para recto un 133% y para vejiga un 260% más aproximadamente. El porcentaje de volumen blanco incluido es subestimado con la dosimetría efectuada por placas ortogonales. CONCLUSIONES: La dosimetría por placas ortogonales muestra menor exactitud que el TAC. Los volúmenes blanco no son satisfactoriamente cubiertos por la curva de isodosis prescrita. La dosis acumulada, probablemente, sea más relevante que la dosis fracción.

OBJECTIVE: We analyze the gynecologycal high dose rate brachytherapy dosimetry using the Fletcher-Suit-Delclos device, comparing orthogonal films (anteroposterior and lateral) versus axial computarized tomography. METHODS: 4 implants were analized with orthogonal films and axial computarized tomography in the Brachyhterapy Unit of the National Cancer Institute on February 2006. The dose/fraction was 8 Gy to the H point. The bladder, rectal and vaginal dose point were evaluated according to international specifications. RESULTS: Axial computarized tomography reveals hot points higher than orthogonal films dosimetries (133% and 260% for bladder and rectum respectively). The target volumen included was underestimated with the classical orthogonal film dosimetry. CONCLUSIONS: The orthogonal film dosimetry shows smaller accuracy than axial computarized tomography. The target volumens were not satisfactorily covered by the prescribed isodosis curve. The dose accumulated could, probably, be more prominent than the dose/fraction.