RESUMO
Background: Modern contraceptive is pivotal for reproductive health, averting unplanned pregnancies, lowering maternal mortality, and enhancing women's well-being. Despite global strides, challenges still persist in adoption of modern family planning methods in regions, like Turkana County, Kenya with a 30.7% adoption rate marking high unmet contraception needs. This study delved into determining social-cultural factors impacting uptake of modern contraceptive in the remote area of Turkana, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. The 360 participants were sampled from households using systematic random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Data analysis included frequencies, proportions and Chi-square tests to unveil vital variable correlations. Data was presented in tables, graphs and pie charts. Results: The study revealed higher utilization of modern contraceptives at 53%. Cultural factors associated with Modern contraceptive uptake included religion acceptance of family planning (?2=6.997, p=0.008), myths and misconceptions (?2=31.096, p=0.000), gender preference (?2=28.876, p=0.000), cultural perception of child quantity (?2=26.373, p=0.000), decision maker for family planning (?2=19.745, p=0.000) and discussion with partner (?2=55.063, p=0.000). Conclusions: In Turkana County, Kenya, socio-cultural factors seem to significantly shape modern contraceptive choices among women of reproductive age. Religious beliefs, misconceptions, and gender preferences influence decisions. Cultural norms impact family size views, and autonomy prevails. Tailored interventions addressing these issues are crucial for better reproductive health outcomes.
RESUMO
Estimated glomerular nitration rate [eGFR] is an important component of a patient's renal function profile. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI] equation are both commonly used. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the original MDRD[186], revised MDRD[175] and CKD-EPI equations in calculating eGFR in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] patients in Oman. The study included 607 T2DM patients [275 males and 332 females, mean age +/- standard deviation 56 +/- 12 years] who visited primary health centres in Muscat, Oman, during 2011 and whose renal function was assessed based on serum creatinine measurements. The eGFR was calculated using the three equations and the patients were classified based on chronic kidney disease [CKD] stages according to the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. A performance comparison was undertaken using the weighted kappa test. The median eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m[2]] was 92.9 for MDRD[186], 87.4 for MDRD[175] and 93.7 for CKD-EPI. The prevalence of CKD stage 1 was 55.4%, 44.7% and 57% while for stages 2 and 3 it was 43.2%, 54% and 41.8%, based on MDRD[186], MDRD[175] and CKD-EPI, respectively. The agreement between MDRD[186] and CKD-EPI [K 0.868] was stronger than MDRD[186] and MDRD[175] [K 0.753] and MDRD[175] and CKD-EPI [K 0.730]. The performances of MDRD[186] and CKD-EPI were comparable. Considering that CKD-EPI-based eGFR is known to be close to isotopically measured GFR, the use of MDRD[186] rather than MDRD[175] may be recommended