Autoeficacia académica en estudiantes de carreras de la salud de una universidad tradicional chilena / Academic self-efficacy among health care undergraduate students in a Chilean university

Background: Self-efficacy refers to people's expectations about personal resources available for goal achievement. Higher self-efficacy expectations are correlated with higher academic performance. Aim: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Academic Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale (ABSES) and to describe Self-efficacy expectations of students from health-related careers. Material and Methods: A non-probabilistic sample of 479 first- and second-year students from Nursing, Physiotherapy, Medicine, Nutrition and Medical Technology in a public university in Chile, answered the ABSES. Results were analyzed by Exploratory Factor Analysis and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Also a descriptive analysis and a non-parametric relational analysis were performed. Results: Two factors were identified: Attention and Participation. Attention obtained significantly higher scores than Participation (p < 0.001). Compared to their second-year counterparts, first year students had higher scores in Attention (p < 0.001) and Participation (p < 0.01). Medicine students had higher scores in Participation than students from other careers. Conclusions: A two factor solution was identified for ABSES. Surveyed students had a predominantly passive Self-efficacy, focused in attention. Also, a reduction in self efficacy was noted among second year students.

Prácticas corporales acerca del cuidado de sí en la comunidad indígena Sikuani / Body practice about the self-care in the Sikuani indigenous community

Antecedentes. Las categorías de cuerpo y movimiento se configuran como ejes fundamentales, tanto del quehacer como de la construcción de saberes por parte de los (las) Fisioterapeutas. Este conocimiento, históricamente influido por el contexto sociocultural, erige la condición de sujeto social en tanto que entiende la necesidad de reconocer el patrimonio cultural del país y sus particularidades en la práctica e investigación en salud. Objetivo. Develar, ¿cómo son las prácticas corporales acerca del cuidado de sí, en la comunidad indígena sikuani? Materiales y métodos. Los diarios de campo y la cartografía social fueron usados como descriptores de tales prácticas, siete de las cuales son analizadas en pos de relacionar el sentido y significado de las mismas. Resultados. Se encontraron siete prácticas del cuidado de sí que encarnan el arte de vivir por el que apuesta la comunidad. El cuidarse, el cuidado y el conocimiento de sí, forman parte de la ética del cuidado y que tiene como protagonista de estas prácticas a las mujeres. Conclusión. Un papel importante dentro de la experiencia vuelve a ser el de la mujer, ya que son ellas las encargadas de garantizar el cuidado de los niños y del esposo; sobre su cuerpo recae la responsabilidad de mantener y proveer al núcleo familiar, tan importante para la organización social de la comunidad. Es ella la encargada de influir y direccionar las relaciones dentro de su familia y de garantizar la continuidad de sus tradiciones ancestrales.

Background. The categories of human body and movement are configured as basic axes, not only as tasks, but also in the construction of knowledge by physiotherapists. Historically, this knowledge has been influenced by the sociocultural context, which creates the social subject status, because it understands the need of recognize the cultural patrimony of the country and its particularities in the practice and in the health research. Objective. To deveal, how are the body practices about the self care in the sikuani indigenous community? Materials and methods. The fields diaries and the social cartography were used as descriptors of body practices; from those, seven were analysed to relationate their sense and their meaning. Results. Seven practices of self care that describes the art of living of the community were found. The self care, the care and the self knowledge constitute the care ethics and the main characters of these practices are the females. Conclusion. In this experience, the women's role is very important, because they are in charge to guarantee the care of the children and their housebound. Over their own bodies lies the responsibility to maintain and to provide the familiar nucleon, which is very important for the community social organization. The women are in charge to guide the relationships inside their families and to guarantee the continuity of their ancestral traditions.