RESUMO
Las prolaminas (zeínas) representan la principal proteína de reserva en el grano de maíz y poco se conoce sobre su participación en la textura de la tortilla. Para determinar su efecto, se evaluaron 6 híbridos de tipo normal y 6 de calidad proteínica (QPM, por sus siglas en inglés). Las variables químicas incluyeron prolaminas, amilosa y almidón. Se determinó la viscosidad de las harinas y la textura de las tortillas en términos de la fuerza de ruptura a tensión y elongación. El contenido de prolaminas en los maíces normales fue 64% más elevado en comparación con los QPMs. No se observó relación entre el contenido de prolaminas y las propiedades de viscosidad de las harinas, como tampoco se halló relación de esta fracción proteínica con la dureza de la tortilla, pero si con la elongación, que mostró una correlación negativa con la cantidad de prolaminas. Las tortillas con mejores características de textura fueron H-161 en maíces normales y H-143C en maíces QPM, ambos maíces presentaron los granos más pequeños dentro de su grupo. Los resultados muestran que un elevado contenido de prolaminas en el grano de maíz podría estar limitando la textura de la tortilla en términos de su elongación.
The prolamins (zeins) are the main storage proteins in the maize grain. There are limited investigations related to their participation on tortilla texture. For determining their effect, normal (6) and Quality Protein Maize (QPM) (6) genotypes were used. The chemical variables comprised prolamins, amylose and starch in whole grain and endosperm. Viscosity of the raw endosperm flour was determined as well as the tortilla texture, expressed in terms of tension force and elongation. Prolamin content in the normal maizes was 64 % higher than that in the QPMs. It was not observed any relationship between prolamin content and flour viscosity. The prolamin content was not related with tortilla hardness, measured as the tension force to rupture the tortilla, but a negative correlation was observed with tortilla elongation. The tortillas with the best texture characteristics were from H-161nomal maize and H-143 QPM maize, both genotypes showed the smallest grain in its respective gruop. According to the results obtained in the present work, a high prolamin content in maize grain could be affecting tortilla elongation.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos , Farinha/análise , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Zea mays/química , Físico-Química , Proteínas de Plantas/análise , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Changes in starch characteristics caused by alkaline-cooking in two corn genotypes (hard and soft) were studied in the present work. Color, pH, pasting properties (Brabender viscoamylograph), water sorption, solubility, swelling power and thermal analysis (Differential scanning calorimetry) were determined in starches previously extracted, from raw and alkaline-cooked hard and soft corns. A reduction in maximum viscosity peak, temperature at the endothermic peak and swelling power at 90 degrees C, and an increase in solubility was observed in starches obtained from both hard and soft corn after alkaline-cooking. Starch from hard corn showed an increment in initial pasting temperature after alkaline-cooking. Alkaline-cooking induced higher modifications in hard than in soft corn starch, probably as a result of its endosperm type and grain hardness, although optimum cooking times were used for each corn genotype.