Is hormonal contraceptive risk for congenital malformation?

Background: Little research is conducted in the safety of emergency contraceptives so the potential for developmental toxicity has not been evaluated.Methods: This hospital based descriptive study was conducted at tertiary care center, Krishna Hospital. Mothers who are diagnosed to have congenital birth defected fetus through antenatal examinations, delivered baby with diagnoses of congenital malformation, congenital malformed admitted neonates at Tertiary care hospital or came for reference services were assessed from September 2016 to August 2017.Results: The prevalence with number of birth, it is 1.4% and calculating with number of neonates admitted its prevalence rate is 5.3%. Overall in the hospital the prevalence noted is 0.2%. 283 mothers were diagnosed to have congenital malformation baby, among these, 264 (93.3%) mothers not had any history of birth control pills use and only 19 (6.7%) mothers stated that they used the birth control pills. Those used birth control pills in those 4 babies (1.4%) born with nervous system defects, 3 babies (1.1%) had cleft lip and cleft palate, and 2 (0.7%) babies had digestive system, musculoskeletal system and chromosomal abnormalities. Association between congenital malformation and history of Use of birth control pills shows strong association.Conclusions: The problem of conclusively proving a small increase in the incidence of rare abnormalities is very formidable. This may be due in part to the fact that the anomalies associated with hormonal contraceptives may occur primarily in those children who are predisposed genetically.

Maternal tobacco use and risk for congenital anomalies

Background: Over a period of decades non genetic causes are controlled and mortality and morbidity is considerable reduced due to malformation. Although 50% of causes for malformation are unknown origin, but, with primary prevention 50% of birth defects could be prevented. Research for finding the risk factors are continuous and such results would help to implement preventive strategies to improve maternal and child health.Methods: This is cross sectional; hospital based study, conducted in Krishna Hospital Karad, included all the Pregnant Mother diagnosed to have congenital birth defected foetus through antenatal examinations, delivered baby with diagnoses of congenital malformation, who were admitted at tertiary care hospital Karad.Results: Total 283 cases were diagnosed with birth defects. Parent’s history for tobacco use states that 16 (5.7%) mothers and 149 (53%) of fathers of malformed babies used tobacco. Among these 16 (5%) tobacco user mothers, maximum babies 5 (1.7 %) babies had born with neural tube defect and among fathers 149 (53%) maximum babies 41 (14%) circulatory system defect.Conclusions: There is a need to make the rural women aware about hazardous effects of use of mishri through health education sessions to wean them out of this addiction, which is passed from one generation to the next as a tradition at an early age.