Otologic and Audiologic Characteristics in Children with Turner Syndrome / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Turner syndrome (TS) is known to be caused by a total or partial deletion of one X-chromosome. Besides short stature and failure to enter puberty due to ovarian dysgenesis, auricular malformations, middle ear diseases and hearing impairment are also other clinical features of Turner syndrome. The goal of this study is to report otologic and audiologic characteristics in a group of children with Turner syndrome and correlate with these findings to karyotype. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the outpatient charts of those who visited at our department for otologic and audiologic screening test between 2008 and 2011. All 23 TS children (46 ears) were enrolled under regular control of their pediatric endocrinologist for treatment with growth hormon and Estrogen. The mean age was 12.6 years (6-24 years). All children were evaluated by otologic history taking, otoscopy, pure tone audiometry and karyotyping. Furthermore, 16 children undertook auditory brain stem response (ABR) test and 10 children temporal bone computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Abnormal otoscopic findings were found in 48% (22 ears), abnormal otologic history in 70% (16 children), and abnormal audiologic findings in 70% (32 ears). According to karyotyping, the total p-arm deletion group (74%) showed unfavorable audiologic results. ABR test and temporal bone CT did not show any unique findings, except five poor pneumatization of mastoid. CONCLUSION: Hearing impairment can be present at early age in Turner syndrome. Careful follow up during childhood is necessary to detect early ear and hearing problems for active intervention. Karyotype may be used as a predictor for future hearing impairment.

A Case of Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Hamartoma of Nasopharynx / 대한이비인후과학회지

Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hamartoma in the nasopharynx is extremely rare. Hamartomas of the nasal cavity or nasopharynx are classified as epithelial, mesenchymal and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal types. We report an incidentally detected lesion arising in a 42-year-old female patient. The mass was resected endoscopically and was diagnosed as mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hamartoma. We report and discuss the pathological features and differential diagnosis of this rare nasopharyngeal hamartoma.

The Effect of Induction Chemotherapy Using Docetaxel and Platinum in Treatment Methods of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and platinum in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The medical records of 52 patients, who were diagnosed with NPC at our department from January 1995 to December 2005, were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to treatment methods. Twenty-eight cases treated with induction chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel, platinum and RT, 17 cases treated with induction chemotherapy consisted of 5-FU, platinum and RT, and 7 cases were treated with RT only. A total of 114 chemotherapy cycles were administered to patients and most received 2 cycles. RESULTS: The T stage distribution at the time of diagnosis was 48%, 14%, 15%, and 23% for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. According to the WHO classification, the type I included 11 cases, type II 2cases, and type III 39 cases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 60.6%. According to the treatment modality, only the RT group was 42.9%. In the chemoradiotherapy group, the 5-year survival rates of 5-FU and platinum combination group and docetaxel and platinum combination group were 47.1% and 78.8%, respectively. There was significant difference in survival (p=0.037). There was no difference in sex, age, and N stage with regards to the 5-year survival rate. CONCLUSION: Although no valid conclusions could be drawn because of the small number of patients examined in the present study, we found that induction chemotherapy consists of docetaxel and that platinum may improve the outcome of patients with NPC.

Prognostic Factors of Acute Acoustic Trauma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prognosis and prognostic factors for acute acoustic trauma are difficult to predict. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic factors of acute acoustic trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The cases selected for this report are 27 patients with acute acoustic trauma and 139 patients with sudden deafness are selected for control group. The following factors were examined for prognostic factors: age, vestibular symptom, degree of initial hearing loss, number of days before the start of treatment. RESULTS: Most strongly related factor for prognosis is number of days before the start of treatment, but other factors are not significant relation for prognosis. The overall hearing recovery rate of acute acoustic trauma was 29.6% and that of sudden deafness is 56.1%. CONCLUSION: Early treatment of acute acoustic trauma increases hearing recovery rate, and acute acoustic trauma has worse prognosis than sudden deafness.

A Study on Ciliogenesis of Tracheal Epithelium in Human Fetus / 대한해부학회지

Ciliogenesis was investigated in the tracheal epithelium of human fetus at mid trimester of gestation (15~22 weeks), and the substructure of basal body was studied with serial, cross sections. The ciliogenic cells were long columnar cells with an electron -lucent cytoplasm, and contained rich free ribosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Apical cytoplasm of these cells contained various structures related to ciliogenesis including fibrous granules, procentrioles, centrioles and basal bodies. Basal bodies were located near apical plasma membrane and had basal foot and striated rootlets. In cross section, alar sheets appeared at transitional area between distal portion of basal body and axoneme, and basal foot at distal portion of basal body. Alar sheets arouse from each peripheral triplets of basal body and projected radially clockwise in apex to base view. Basal foot was a cone shaped structure with cross striation which base attached to two or three of the peripheral triplet sets and apex converged to basal foot cap. Three dimentional reconstruction by serial cross section of the basal body showed a structural relationship of alar sheets and basal feet with basal body. By immunohistochemistry, alpha -tubulin label was seen in both basal and surface ciliated cells, and gamma-tubulin label was seen in the apical region of surface cilated cells. These results indicate that ciliogenesis of tracheal epithelium of human fetus is performed mainly by acentriolar ciliogenesis, and suggest the ciliogenesis and ciliary movement at mid trimester of gestation are active.

The Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with Transcanine Approach in Antrochoanal Polyps / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antrochoanal polyp, a benign solitary polypoid lesion, arises from maxillary antrum and passes through the ostium of sinus into the asopharynx. Because of recurrence after simple avulsion of the nasal part, maxil1ary sinus exploration and removal of the antral part of the polyp is generally recommended. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of endoscopic sinus surgery with transcanine approach for the removal of the antral part of choanal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 45 patients with antrochoanal polyps. They were diagnosed by clinical examination, nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography during the past 6 years from January 1992 to December 1997 to analyze the rate of postoperative recurrence following different operation methods. RESULTS: An endoscopic follow-up from 12 to 36 months revealed 3 cases of recurrence alter endoscopic sinus surgery whereas there were no recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery with transcanine approach. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery combined with transcanine approach is more effective method in treating antrochoanal polyps.

Comparison of Allergic Skin Prick Test and FAST System in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in clinical practice is frequently based on a skin prick test. The measurement of serum levels of specific IgE can be used as an alternative test to the skin prick test. Therefore, we tried to demonstrate the relationship between a skin prick test and Fluoro-Allergo-Sorbent Test (FAST) system in allergic rhinitis patients. In this study, we evaluated the results of skin prick tests and FAST allergens in 90 patients who were confirmed to have allergic rhinitis. The agreement between the skin prick test and FAST was statistically significant for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, while less significant for the other allergens. FAST is time and cost-efficient in specific IgE detect, while it shows high-agreement for only a few allergens. As a result, it is considered that there will be some limit in applying the FAST.

The Effects of Alcohol on Nasal Patency and Mucociliary Clearance

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied to evaluate the effects of alcohol ingestion on nasal mucosa over time and changes in mucociliary function after alcohol ingestion. Nasal patency was evaluated with acoustic rhinometry, and mucociliary clearance was measured with a saccharine test. RESULTS: The cross-sectional area of the I-notch and the Cnotch did not change after alcohol ingestion. The cross-sectional area of the posterior part of the nasal cavity (CA 6.4) indicated changes more prominently than that of the anterior part (CA 3.3). A significant reduction in total nasal volume was first noted at 1.5 hours after alcohol ingestion and lasted for 1.5 hours. The saccharine transit time did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: There was no acute impairment of mucociliary function at moderate concentrations of alcohol.

A Case of Ethmoid Mucocele with Superimposed Fungal Infection / 대한이비인후과학회지

Mucocele is a benign, chronic, expansive and cyst-like lesion of the paranasal sinuses and contains mucoid secretions. The secretion is usually sterile, however, secondary bacterial infection may lead to the development of a pyocele. Mucocele with superimposed fungal infection is very rare. Only four cases have been reported in the literature, of which, two were allergic fungal sinusitis. It is very difficult to distinguish mucocele from fungal sinusitis, when etiher one is presented as a sinus mass, with radiologic findings alone. Only intraoperative and pathologic findings can tell the difference between the two diseases. Recently we experienced an anterior ethmoid mucocele which was treated with endoscopic sinus surgery and verified it histopatologically to be fungal sinusitis.

A Case of Benign Osteoblastoma Combined with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Ethmoid Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Both benign osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst are rare lesions of bone, usually confined to the long bones and the vertebrae. Aneurysmal bone cyst is a cystic vascular osseous tumor which destroys and expands bone. We recently experienced a case of concurrent osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid sinus in a 14 year-old boy who had been suffered from nasal obstruction and recurrent nasal bleeding for 1 year. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.

A Case of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma-Transnasal Endoscopic Surgery- / 대한이비인후과학회지

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a highly vascular and locally invasive tumor that occurs almost exclusively in adolescent boys. JNA accounts for 0.05-0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Pre-operative embolization is useful for reducing intraoperative blood loss and the risk of incomplete excision of the tumor. A case of angiofibroma limited to the left posterior and superior nasal cavity and nasopharynx was excised transnasally under endoscopic control after pre-operative embolization with Gelfoam(r). The tumor was completely removed without complications, and there was no evidence of any residual tumor or recurrence observed during one year of endoscopic follow-up. It can be suggested that for the limited lesions of angiofibroma, the option of a transnasal endoscopic approach could be cautiously applied by experienced surgeons.

Treatment of Inverted Papilloma: A Comparision of Extranasal Operation and Conservative Surgery Using Nasal Endoscope / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Inverted papilloma is a benign neoplastic lesion which shows high recurrence rate and possibility of association with malignancy. Medial maxillectomy has been preferred as a treatment of choice, for conservative treatments resulted in higher recurrence rate. However, introduction of nasal endoscope made more precise evaluation of intranasal lesion under brighter illumination. OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to compare the recurence rate between medial maxillectomy and conservative surgery using nasal endoscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty one patients who underwent operation between 1980 and 1995 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were treated via external approach and sixteen patients endoscopically. Inverted papilloma was recurred in two cases of endoscopic surgery group and one case of external surgery group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic conservative surgery can be an alternative surgical modality in the selected cases.

Surgical Treatment and Clinical Study of Postoperative Maxillary Cyst / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postoperative maxillary cyst(POMC) occurs as a delayed complication following Caldwell-Luc(C-L) operation. Revisional C-L operation has been preferred by most surgeons. Recently, marsupialization with intranasal endoscope has been increased in the management of POMC. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this sutdy was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of POMC and the relationship between location of the cyst on axial PNS CT and surgical approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 24 patients(26 sides) were reviewed from 1990 to 1996. According to the classification methods of Nakamura, sixteen cases were located in medial, two cases in posterolateral and eight cases in anterolateral of the maxilla. RESULTS: The 22 cases including medial(16 cases), posterolateral(2 cases) and Anterolateral(4 cases) types were treated with marsupialization via intranasal endoscopic approach, 4 of 8 cases which were located in anterolateral type were treated with Caldwell-Luc approach. There was no complication and showed improvement in all patients. CONCLUSION: We think that the classification methods of cyst was useful in deciding surgical approaches. The endoscopic intranasal marsupialization is an effective therapeutic method of POMC especially in medial and posterolateral types.

Change in the Nasal Patency and Mucociliary Clearance after Phenylephrine Spray / 대한이비인후과학회지

Mucociliary clearance of nasal cavity is one of the most important defense mechanism of the respiratory tract. Abnormalities in the mucociliary clearance may cause pathologic condition of nose and paranasal sinus. Fifty healthy volunteers with no rhinologic disorders were studied to determine the effect of phenylephrine spray on mucociliary clearance and nasal patency. Nasal patency was evaluated using acoustic rhinometry and mucociliary clearance was measured using saccharine method. The result shows that cross sectional area of C-notch increased after phenylephrine spray but mucociliary transit time was prolonged from 476 seconds to 624 seconds, which was statistically significant(p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that phenylephrine should be used judiciously in order to minimize the negative effect of mucociliary dysfunction.

Endoscopic Surgery for Paranasal Sinus Mucocele / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Mucoceles of the paranasal sinus are slowly expanding epithelial lined lesions containing inspissated mucus that may erode bone and extend intraorbitally or intracranially. Mucoceles are thought to arise as a result of obstruction of the sinus ostium secondary to inflammation, fibrosis, trauma, previous surgery, or a mass lesion. Mucoceles most frequently arise from the frontal sinus and anterior ethmoid air cells, presenting with proptosis, frontal headaches, and reduced ocular mobility, especially on upward gaze. OBJECTIVES: The surgical approach to paranasal sinus mucoceles has followed two lines. The first is radical exenteration of the mucoceles and its whole lining: the other is marsupialization, leaving part of the lining intact. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This paper was analyzed 9 cases of paranasal sinus mucoceles which had operated in Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1992 and August 1996. Eight cases were treated via intranasal endoscopic sinus surgery and one case via extranasal approach. RESULTS: There were no significant complications following surgery with a follow-up of 5 months to 2 years. CONCLUSION: So, we report the clinical findings, surgical treatment of 9 cases of mucoceles with review of literature.

A clinical evaluation of nodular thyroid disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A case of androphobia / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A immunohistochemical study of localization of calcitonin gene related peptide in the rats cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Four cases of laryngeal saccular cyst / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.