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@#The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the types of dental treatments provided to paediatric patients under general anaesthesia (GA) at the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Records of the 113 patients under 18 years old who had undergone dental treatment under GA from November 2015 to February 2019 were retrieved and reviewed. The median age for subjects was six years old and the data were skewed to the left. Subjects were diagnosed with early childhood caries (n = 94) where total oral rehabilitation was performed for most subjects (n = 82). Higher number of deciduous teeth were extracted (n = 488) with average number per person of 5.5 as compared to permanent teeth (n = 43) with 2.9 average number per person. The leading cause of surgical cases was removal of supernumerary and impacted teeth. Tooth colour restoration and stainless-steel crowns were commonly used in restorative procedures. Although most of the patients were in the American Society of Anaesthesiology categories I and II, treatments were performed under GA because complete oral rehabilitation was required. In conclusion, dental treatment under GA is essential for providing complete oral rehabilitation in young patients, especially those with early childhood caries or medical and behavioural problems.
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Objective: To determine the current trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of typhoidal Salmonellae. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from January 2014 to December 2015
Methodology: Blood culture samples received from the wards and outpatient departments were included. Isolates of Salmonella were dealt with standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial sensitivity against the typhoidal Salmonellae was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [2013]
Results: A total of 460 typhoidal Salmonellae were isolated; out of which 270 were Salmonella typhi and 190 were Salmonella paratyphi A. The percentage of MDR isolates of S. typhi was 57% and that of S. paratyphi A was 42%. None of the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, while sensitivity to ciprofloxacin [07% and 0% for S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, respectively] was very low
Conclusion: There is high percentage of MDR isolates of typhoidal Salmonellae in our region. The antimicrobial sensitivity of typhoidal Salmonellae to conventional agent has not improved enough to recommend their empirical use. There is almost complete resistance to fluoroquinolones as well, leaving very limited available treatment options
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Objective:To know frequency of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi
Methodology:This study was carried out at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from 1st January 2015 till 31st October 2016. Samples from patients having different sites of infection were received in the laboratory from different wards of hospital and inoculated on culture plates. After 24 hours incubation, identification of non-lactose fermenter colonies of Acinetobacter baumannii was done by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was recorded for Beta-lactam group of antimicrobials, Beta-lactam/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination group, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides as per CLSI guidelines
Results: During the study period, a total of 117 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified from culture of different samples representing 5.0% of all bacterial isolates [n=2352] and 7.5% of all Gram-negative bacilli [n=1559] throughout the hospital. Out of one hundred and seventeen isolates, 52.1% [n=62] were found carbapenem resistant.Higher percentages of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated among samples received from medical wards [26.4%].Percentage of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated was highest from the blood culture specimens [22.2%]. Isolates showed higher resistance against ceftriaxone [84.6%] followed by cotrimoxazole [65.8%] and ciprofloxacin [63.2%].Comparatively low resistance against doxycycline and minocycline [23.9%], and tigecycline [38.9%] was observed.Resistance pattern to other antimicrobials was gentamycin [54.7%], amikacin [55.6%], piperacillin-tazobactam [48.7%], cefoperazone-sulbactam [51.35%], meropenem [52.1%] and imipenem [52.1%]
Conclusion: Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing and therapeutic options left to treat are highly toxic especially for patients with co-morbidities