RESUMO
Objective: To determine the pattern of polymicrobial isolates in blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation [SIUT], Karachi, Pakistan, from September to November 2014
Methodology: Blood culture samples were received from patients, which were processed by BACTEC 9240 system [Becton Dickinson]. All positive blood samples were further analyzed. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI] criteria of the year. Identification of growth was based on Gram staining, colony morphology and appropriate biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI] recommendations
Results: Out of the 7251 samples submitted, 2931 [40.42%] were positive for growth, 2389 [81.5%] samples were monomicrobial, whereas 542 [18.5%] samples were polymicrobial. Among the polymicrobial isolates, 468 [86.34%] blood culture samples yielded two, 66 [12.17%] yielded three, and 8 [1.47%] yielded four organisms. Gram positive isolates were 281 [51.84%] and Gram negative were 261 [48.15%]. The most frequent isolates in polymicrobial blood stream infection were Acinetobacterspp. [51/542, 9.4%] and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus [84/542, 15.5%], respectively, Staphylococcus aureus isolates, which were resistant to Methicillin, accounted for 24.65%
Third generation Cephalosporins resistance in Klebsiella spp. and Eschericia [E.] coll was found to be 63.6% and 58%, respectively
Carbapenem resistance was seen in 5.9% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 17.6% Acinetobacterspp
Conclusion: Gram positive bacteria were more commonly involved in polymicrobial blood stream infections with Coagulase negative Staphylococcus being the most common Gram positive isolate, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for one-fourth of isolates. Higher resistance to third generation Cephalosporins was seen in Klebsiella spp. and E.coli isolates. Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species to Carbapenems was found out to be on the lower side
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the frequency of Candida albicans in patients with funguria
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, from July to December 2012
Methodology: Patients' urine samples with fungus/Candida were included. Candida albicans was identified by the production of tubular structures [germ tubes] on microscopy as per standard procedure followed by inoculation on Chrom agar [Oxoid] and Corn Meal-Tween 80 agar [Oxoid]. The identification of other non-albicans Candida species was also done both microscopically and macroscopically as per standard procedure
Results: Out of the 289 isolates, 204 [70.6%] were male patients and 85 [29.4%] were female patients, with 165 [57.1%] from the out-patients and 124 [42.9%] from the in-patients. Five species of Candida were found to be prevalent including 87 [30.1%] Candida albicans, 176 [60.9%] Candida tropicalis, 14 [4.8%] Candida parapsilosis, 8 [2.8%] Candida glabrata and 4 [1.4%] Candida lusitaniae. Majority of patients with funguria were aged above 50 years [60.2%]
Conclusion: In the present study, 30.1% patients with funguria had Candida albicans. The most frequently isolated species was Candida tropicalis [60.9%], followed by other non-albicans Candida. This study has shown the emergence of non-albicans Candida as a major cause of candiduria