Avaliação prospectica de gestantes vacinadas contra rubéola no sul do Brasil / Prospective evaluation of pregnant women that received rubella vaccine in south

Objetivos: Avaliar a ocorrência de Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita em mulheres que foram vacinadas contra rubéola e que não sabiam que estavam grávidas, ou que engravidaram até 30 dias após a vacinação. Métodos: foram coletados, prospectivamente, dados de 171 gestantes que se encontravam suscetíveis no momento da vacinação. No momento do parto foi colhido sangue dos recém-nascidos para exames. Todos os bebês com IgM anti rubéola positiva foram clinicamente avaliados conforme protocolo para detecção de sequelas da síndrome da rubéola congênita. Foi realizada a coleta de secreção nasofaríngea para isolamento e identificação viral. Resultados: foi coletada amostra sorológica de 152 bebês, filhos de mãe suscetíveis. Um total de 10 bebês (6,3%) apresentou presença de anticorpos IgM anti-rubéola, ou seja, foram infectados pelo vírus vacinal durante a gestação. Nenhum deles apresentou defeitos congênitos relacionados à rubéola. Conclusões: o estudo permite ampliar a segurança da vacinação para rubéola em mulheres grávidas.

Adolescents exposed to physical violence in the community: a survey in Brazilian public schools

Objective. To determine the proportion of adolescents who have been exposed to physical violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods. Fifty-two Porto Alegre public schools that offer basic primary education (grades 1 to 8) were selected through a random sampling process stratified according to school size. In May-November 2000 a screening survey that identifies exposure to violence¾experienced personally, witnessed, or knowing victims of violent acts¾was administered to all students who were attending a randomly selected 8th grade class in each of the 52 schools. Results. The total number of adolescents included in the analysis was 1 193, representing 10.3 percent of the students enrolled in 8th grade classes in the city's public school system. On average, each adolescent had been exposed to 19.8 incidents of violence (standard deviation (SD) = 8.5): 2.0 incidents personally experienced (SD = 2.1), 8.5 incidents witnessed (SD = 4.0), and 9.3 knowing a victim of an incident of violence (SD = 4.1). In our sample, the variables of being male (P < 0.001), being in an older age group (P< 0.001), and not living with both parents (P< 0.001) were independently associated with exposure to more incidents of violence. Conclusions. We found a high prevalence of incidents of violence among the adolescents in our sample in Porto Alegre. Considering the particular burden inflicted by violent acts on adolescents, health professionals must develop effective approaches to actively identifying, intervening in, and preventing community violence