Tuberous sclerosis--a multi system disease.

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, associated with hamartomas in several organs and various skin findings. A case of a ten year old boy is presented here to highlight the multisystem involvement in tuberous sclerosis. The child had seizures, facial papular naevi and peri-ungual fibromas. MRI revealed cortical tubers, white matter lesions and subependymal nodules. Orbital ultrasound showed retinal hamartoma on the left side. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a soft tissue mass at the upper pole of left kidney with a small cyst in right kidney.

Sonographic evaluation of renal allograft.

Sonography has become an integral part of the care of renal allograft recipients. It is a simple, inexpensive and readily available non-invasive imaging modality. It is indicated as the initial investigation in patients presenting with decreased urine output, pain, infection and hematuria and for doing a percutaneous allograft biopsy. While sonography confirms the diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy and perinephric fluid collections, Doppler is an effective screening modality for the detection of post-transplant vascular complications.

Giant cavernous hemangiomas of liver mimicking metastasis.

Most hepatic hemangiomas are small and symptomless. These are now being increasingly diagnosed with the greater use of scanning procedures. Hemangiomas can occasionally grow to a large size and become manifest to the patient and the clinician. Giant hemangiomas can produce symptoms including awareness of abdominal mass, pain due to thrombosis, and very rarely, rupture. Though ultrasound is known to be quite suggestive of the diagnosis, large hemangiomas may be mistaken for liver metastases due to their enormous size and variegated picture on the scanning procedure. Dynamic CT scan and at times MRI may be required for confirmation of the diagnosis. Needle biopsy is contraindicated if the diagnosis is suspected.

Clinical evaluation of cyanoacrylate glue in corneal perforations.

Our experience of the use of Cyanoacrylate glue in 50 cases of perforation or impending perforation of cornea has been presented. The method of application has been described. Quite encouraging and useful results have been obtained.