Simultaneous Bilateral Patellar Tendon Ruptures Associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Bilateral patella tendon rupture is rare, particulary when associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Brittleness of the bone in osteogenenesis imperfect patients may cause this rupture. We report on this rare case and suggest the direct repair with the additional wire loop as a proper treatment option for patients with the substantial rupture of patella tendon.

Treatment for Concurrent Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures Using Reconstruction Nail with Temporary K-Wires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of operative treatment using a reconstruction nail after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11 cases were treated, which were followed-up for more than two years, between August 2007 and July 2012. The average age was 51 years (29-69 years) and men were dominant counting eight cases. All cases were operated with a reconstruction nail after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck. Bone union periods, alignment, etc. were evaluated by radiological methods and accompanying damage and complications were also investigated. Functional evaluation was performed in accordance with Friedman and Wyman criteria at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The average time for union of the femoral shaft was 22.5 weeks (12-32 weeks), and femoral neck was 13.1 weeks (8-20 weeks). There was no nonunion, and four femoral shaft fractures resulted in delayed union. There was one case of leg length discrepancy more than 2 cm long, but malalignment of more than 10 degrees was not observed. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head did not occur. Functional results were good in eight cases, fair in two cases, and poor in one case. CONCLUSION: Treatment with reconstruction nailing after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck is thought to be a good method which prevents neck displacement and has low complication rates.

Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing for Far Distal Tibia Fractures in AO Classification 43 / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was conducted in order to evaluate the results of interlocking intramedullary nailing of far distal tibia fractures located within AO classification 43. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with far distal tibia fractures in AO classification 43 treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing from May 2008 to April 2012 were evaluated. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. We analyzed preoperative fracture pattern, associated injury, and complication. All cases were treated with use of either two or three distal interlocking screws during intramedullary nailing. Patients received regular post-operative radiographic check-up and ankle function was evaluated using the Iowa ankle-evaluation rating system. RESULTS: The fractures healed completely within an average of 18 weeks. None of the patients showed malaligment on the final radiographic evaluation. Average of varus-valgus aligment was 1.9 degrees and average of anterior-posterior alignment was 1.1 degrees. According to the Iowa ankle-evaluation rating system, we obtained satisfactory clinical results in 14 cases. Complication occurred in two cases. There was one case of hypertrophic nonunion and one breakage of the distal locking screw with delayed union. CONCLUSION: We consider that interlocking intramedullary nailing of far distal tibia fractures located within AO classification 43 is a considerable method when a plate is not used due to accompanying severe open wound, etc. For satisfactory results, accurate technique and experience of the operator were required.

Results of Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fracture: Trochanteric Entry Portal (Sirus Nail) versus Piriformis Entry Portal (M/DN Nail)

PURPOSE: To compare treatment results obtained using the trochanteric (Sirus nail) entry portal with those obtained using the Piriformis fossa (M/DN) entry portal during intramedullary (IM) nailing of femur shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundreds and thirty-two patients treated for femur shaft fracture using IM nails from February, 2001 to May, 2010 were divided into two groups. group 1 was composed of 180 patients treated through the trochanteric (Sirus nail; n=180) entry portal, while group 2 contained 170 patients treated through the piriformis fossa (M/DN nail; n=170) entry portal. We compared the clinical and radiographic findings of both groups to evaluate the treatment results. RESULTS: Functional result, range of motion and union time (18, 20 weeks) were similar in both groups. The operation time of patients in the over-weighted group was 90 minutes in group 1 and 120 minutes in group 2 (p0.05). There were 18 iatrogenic fractures in group 1 and 4 in group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was not much difference in complications based on clinical and radiographic findings of both groups. For groups using the trochanteric entry portal, the operation time was shorter and blood loss was lower than in groups using the piriformis entry portal. Iatrogenic fracture occurred more often in the group using the trochanteric entry portal than in the group using the piriformis entry portal.

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Conical Femoral Stem / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of cementless total hip arthroplasty using a conical stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2005 to December 2007, total hip arthroplasty using the conical stem was performed in 47 patients and 51 hips. The most common causes for total hip arthroplaty were osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 32 cases. The mean follow-up period was 74.3 months (range: 62-93 months) and the mean age was 51.2 years (range: 36-84 years). The clinical evaluation included the Harris hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and pain on the inguinal area or thigh. Radiographic evaluation was performed for determination of the fixation status of the implant, the radiolucent line, subsidence, loosening and heterotopic ossification around the acetabular cup and the femoral stem. RESULTS: At the most recent follow-up, the mean Harris hip score was 94.1 points and the WOMAC score was 11.3 points. Radiologically, bone ongrowth was seen in all cases without migration of acetabular cup, femoral stem, changing of the position, subsidence and loosening. Complications included two cases of posterior dislocation, one case of heterotopic ossification, and one case of deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Cementless total hip arthroplasty using the conical femoral stem shows good clinical and radiologic results in treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with normal canal flare index and femur neck fracture with stove pipe type.

Analysis of the Result Treated with Locking Compression Plate-Distal Tibia and Zimmer Periarticular Locking Plate in Distal Tibia Fracture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of minimally invasive plate, osteosynthesis, using either a locking compression plate-distal tibia (LCP-DT) or Zimmer periarticular locking plate (ZPLP) for distal tibia fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty one patients (51 cases), who underwent minimally invasive osteosynthesis using locking compression plate for distal tibia fractures between October 2008 and August 2011, were followed for more than six months. Eighteen patients were treated with LCP-DT and 33 patients with ZPLP. Time to bony union and anatomic alignment were evaluated radiologically. Clinically, American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales (AOFAS score) and range of ankle motion were assessed and compared between two groups. RESULTS: All patients achieved bony union at an average of 18 weeks on LCP-DT group and 16weeks on ZPLP group. The average American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales was 83.3 points on the LCP-DT group, 84.6 points on the ZPLP group, and range of ankle motion averaged at 45 degrees, 48 degrees, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both types of locking compression plates were effective when performing minimally invasive osteosynthesis for distal tibia fractures.

The Result Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Minimally Invasive Technique in Joint Depressive Calcaneal Fracture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the short term follow-up results of minimally invasive technique in the management of Sanders type II, III, and IV joint depressive calcaneal fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2008 and May 2011, we studied 17 cases undergoing treatment with minimally invasive technique with modified sinus tarsi approach for Sanders II, III, and IV joint depressive intra-articular calcaneal fracture and were followed up for more than 1 year. We evaluated the treatment result by assessing the radiologic parameters (Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and calcaneal height/width/length) and clinical outcomes (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [AOFAS] score and visual analog scale [VAS]) and investigating the complication. RESULTS: Radiological results improved from 7.9degrees to 19.8degrees in the Bohler angle after the operation. Satisfactory results were obtained in clinical assessment with average AOFAS score of 82.45 and the average VAS score of 3.94. We experienced 3 cases of complications, 1 case of superficial wound infection and radiologic findings of subtalar arthritis in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive technique may be a useful alternative surgical method in the management of Sanders type II, III, and IV joint depressive calcaneal fracture that cannot adopt extensile approach, which enable to obtain good radiological and clinical results.

Arthroscopic Assisted Intra-Articular Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibia Plateau Fracture

PURPOSE: We evaluated the results of arthroscopic intra-articular reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures without cortical window along with any additional bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2006 to March 2009, twelve patients with arthroscopic intra-articular reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures over 5 mm in depression and displacement on the articular surface in computed tomography (CT) were enrolled in this study. We reduced or removed the depressed fracture fragment using freer without making a cortical window. Then, we accomplished internal fixation by a cannulated screw. All cases have not received bone graft. Both the postoperative clinical and radiological results were evaluated by the Rasmussen system. RESULTS: The fractures were healed completely in an average of 9 (range from 7 to 12) weeks. According to Rasmussen classification, we obtained satisfactory clinical results as excellent in 8 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case; and radiological results were excellent in 7 cases and good in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: We consider that arthroscopic intra-articular reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures without cortical window and any additional bone grafts is are a useful methods for attaining satisfactory results.

Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis with Locking Compression Plate for Distal Femur Fracture

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiologic results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal femur fractures using a locking compression plate (LCP) and to evaluate its usefulness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2006 to April 2011, 23 patients (24 cases) with distal femur fracture were treated by MIPO with a LCP and followed-up for at least 12 months. Mean age was 61.6 years (35-80 years). Union time and post-operative alignment were measured on radiograph, and clinical function was evaluated by range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score and complications. RESULTS: In 22 patients (23 cases) except for 1 case, bony union was obtained after an average of 18 weeks (12-26 weeks). The mean ROM was 124 degrees (80-135 degrees). According to the Knee Society Score, there were 12 excellent, 8 good, 1 fair and 2 poor results and the mean score was 87.5 (60-98). Postoperative complications were nonunion in 1 case, ankylosis in 1 case, malunion in 2 cases and superficial wound infection in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The treatment of distal femoral fracture with MIPO using a LCP was considered a useful method which can result in satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes if there is accurate understanding about the surgical techniques and appropriate procedures involved.

Outcomes and Analysis of Factors Affecting Bone Union after Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing in Segmental Tibia Fractures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological results and complications of interlocking intramedullary nailing for segmental tibia fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients (26 cases) who underwent interlocking intramedullary nailing for segmental tibia fractures between January 2003 and May 2011 were followed for more than one year. We evaluated the complications and statistically analyzed the factors influencing bone union, including open fracture, fracture site, reaming, postoperative angulation, and postoperative fracture gap. RESULTS: Nineteen cases (73%) achieved bone union with one operation at an average of 7 months (range, 5 to 11). Seven cases had secondary procedures before achieving union. Complications included 7 cases of nonunion, 3 cases of incomplete peroneal nerve injury, 2 cases of superficial infection, 1 case of compartment syndrome. Factors showing statistically significant differences were open fracture, postoperative angulation, and postoperative fracture gap. Factors showing no statistically significant difference were fracture site and reaming. CONCLUSION: Nonunion is the most common complication in interlocking intramedullary nailing for segmental tibia fractures. To minimize this complication, comprehension of surgical techniques to reduce anatomically and careful evaluation of the fracture are required.

The Treatment of Subtrochanteric Fractures with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of treating subtrochanteric femoral fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty five consecutive patients diagnosed with subtrochanteric femoral fractures underwent intramedullary fixation using PFNA and followed-up for over 12 months. According to the Seinsheimer's classification, there were 2 type IIA, 9 type IIB, 2 type IIIA, 3 type IV and 9 type V. According to the AO classification, there were 10 type A, 9 type B and 6 type C. There were 16 cases of closed reduction group and 9 cases of limited open reduction group. Retrospectively, radiological outcomes were assessed at the union period, change of neck shaft angle, tip-apex distance, Cleveland index, sliding of lag screw and complication. RESULTS: Union was achieved in 23 of 25 cases, over an average of 17 weeks. Limb length shortening below 2 cm occurred in 7 patients. The Cleveland index was shown in 80% of 5, 6, 8 and 9 zone; the tip apex distance was 19.6 mm; the mean sliding distance was 4.4 mm; and the mean change of femur neck and shaft angle was varus 3 degree at the final follow-up. Complications included 3 cases of delayed union and 2 cases of nonunion. CONCLUSION: With its early bony union, ambulation, rehabilitation and low complication, PFNA is a useful and reliable choice for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Limited open reduction and additional fixation such as cable grip are recommended if it is difficult to obtain anatomical reduction by closed reduction.

Clinical Results and Prognostic Factors of Arthroscopic Surgeries for Discoid Lateral Menisci Tear: Analysis of 179 Cases with Minimum 2 Years Follow-up

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and prognostic factors of arthroscopic surgeries for tears of the discoid lateral menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to September 2005, 260 patients received arthroscopic surgeries due to discoid lateral menisci tears. Among these patients, 179 knees in 168 patients were followed up for at least 2 years and were enrolled into this study. The following prognostic factors were evaluated: sex, age, symptom duration, and type of meniscal tear. Visual analogue score (VAS), Lysholm score, and Ikeuchi grade were assessed as clinical results of arthroscopic surgeries. RESULTS: The mean VAS and Lysholm score improved at the last follow-up. According to the Ikeuchi grade, 104 cases were rated as excellent, 51 cases as good, and 23 cases as fair. Male sex (p<0.033), age younger than 20 years (p=0.0474), and symptom duration less than 12 months (p<0.044) were good prognostic factors. However, there was no correlation between tear types of discoid lateral menisci and clinical results. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, age, and symptom duration could be significant prognostic factors of arthroscopic surgeries for tears of discoid lateral menisci.

Operative Treatment of Unstable Pelvic Ring Injury

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiological results of the different fixation methods according to the type and displacement of unstable pelvic ring injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries from January 2005 to December 2009 were classified according to the AO/OTA classification system. When patients had been diagnosed with unstable pelvic ring injuries with partial instability, they were treated by anterior fixation with a plate and posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation. When patients had been diagnosed with unstable pelvic ring injuries with complete instability, they were treated by open reduction and anterior to posterior fixation with a plate through the ilioinguinal approach. The radiological results were evaluated using Matta and Saucedo's method, and the clinical results were evaluated using Rommens and Hessmann's method. RESULTS: The outcomes from the radiological evaluation were that the displacement of the posterior pelvic ring were improved by about 6.65 mm in unstable pelvic ring injuries with partial instability. The displacement of the posterior pelvic ring were improved by about 7.8 mm in unstable pelvic ring injuries with complete instability. The clinical results were excellent in 13 cases and good in 6 cases on latest follow-up. CONCLUSION: Good results can be achieved by selecting the treatment method according to the type of unstable pelvic ring injurie and displacement.

The Results of Two Stage Surgical Treatment of Pilon Fractures

PURPOSE: To report the good results of two-stage treatment in pilon fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 23 patients among 30 patients with pilon fractures from March 2006 to November 2008, who underwent two-stage treatment of pilon fractures with a minimum of 24 months follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (24~41 months). In the first stage of the operation, open reduction of the articular surface and external fixation were performed after minimal incision. As the soft tissue healed, locking compression plate fixation was performed with the Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Radiographic evaluation was graded by the criteria of Burwell and Charnley, and functional assessment of the ankle was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. RESULTS: The fractures were united within 16 weeks (12~30 weeks). The radiologic results showed anatomical reduction in 18 cases and a mean AOFAS score of 81. The mean range of ankle motion was 44 degrees. There were four complications: 1 case of wound infection and 3 cases of ankle osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: Two-stage treatment of pilon fractures is a good treatment method because it is designed to obtain early anatomical reduction, definitive stable fixation, low rates of soft tissue complication, and good range of ankle motion.

Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis Using Periarticular Plate and Intramedullary Nailing in Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures

PURPOSE: To compare results between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a periarticular plate and intramedullary nailing in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in two treatment groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one cases of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures from December 2008 to December 2009 were evaluated. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months. Thirty patients treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a periarticular plate were Group A; 31 patients treated by intramedullary nailing were Group B. We compared and analyzed the results of each group by radiological and clinical assessments. RESULTS: The mean bony union time was 16.4 weeks in Group A and 17.2 weeks in Group B. The mean operation time was 45 minutes in Group A and 48 minutes in Group B. The mean radiation exposure times were 4.2 minutes and 4.8 minutes, respectively. VAS scores were 0.7 points and 0.5 points in each respective group. In Group A, the VAS score was 1.7 points when we applied pressure on the skin around the plate. The mean Olerud and Molander Ankle Score was 87.4 points and 86.3 points, respectively. A superficial wound infection occurred in 1 case in each group, and angular deformities more than 5 degrees occurred in 2 Group B cases. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in results were observed between the two groups. However, a higher incidence of angular deformity was seen in the intramedullary nailing group. Therefore, we must be careful during surgery.

Changes in Patient Pattern and Operation Methods for Intertrochanteric Fractures / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of femur intertrochanteric fractures concerning age, fracture pattern, and change in operation method, retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the patients over 65 years of age that had been treated between June 1999 and June 2007, two hundred forty patients, who were available for follow-up for at least 1 year were selected. Patients were divided into 2 groups, A or B, based on their time of operation during a 4-year period. Age, bone marrow density (BMD), causes of fracture, fracture patterns, and treatment trends were analyzed. RESULTS: The number of patients in group A was 108 and in group B was 132; the mean age was 75.38 years and 77.58 years, retrospectively with the mean age increased by 2.2 years. In group A, 44 cases (40%) were comminuted fractures over AO type A2-2, 77 cases (71%) were unstable fracture using Evans classification; in group B, there were 65 cases (49%) and 100 cases (76%), respectively. Based on the BMD analysis, an average -0.29 decreased in group B. In group A, 61 cases (56%) were treated with compressive hip screw, 41 cases (38%) with proximal femoral nail , 6 cases (6%) with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. In group B, 48 cases (36%) were treated with compressive hip screw, 73cases (55%) with proximal femoral nail, and 11 cases (9%) with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSION: There were increases in patient age, percentages of unstable fractures, fracture comminution and decrease in bone marrow density. The use of proximal femoral nail or primary arthroplasty increased.

Two Staged Surgical Treatment of Post-Traumatic Severe Ankle Equinus Deformity: Preliminary Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness as well as correct the post-traumatic severe ankle equinus deformity by conducting the treatment surgery, which is divided into 2 stages, soft tissue adhesiolysis and ankle arthrodesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted the methods, which are Z-plasty Achilles tendon lengthening, multiple capsulotomy and tendon lengthening (flexor hallucis longus muscle, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibialis tendon) for 10 patients who has shown equinus deformity after post-traumatic compartment syndrome due to the injury. The average age of patients was 33.7 year-old; there were 8 men and 2 women, and the follow up period was 13 months (6~31 mon). Outcomes were rated based on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and patient's satisfaction after operation. RESULTS: The average degree of preoperative equinus deformity was 64 degree (-60~-70), and we've obtained AOFAS anklehindfoot score that was evaluated after 4 months of 2nd operation which was 76.7 score on average. We've also checked the decreased pain score from all of the patients according to the fact that the average VAS before the surgery was 6 (4~8), but it reduced to 3 (1~4). The patient's satisfaction showed generally great satisfactions which was 5 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 3 cases were fair. CONCLUSION: The two staged surgical treatment of post -traumatic severe ankle equinus deformity, which was conducted of soft tissue adhesiolysis and arthrodesis, could be one of the effective methods to improve patients walking ability.

Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation of Fifth Proximal Metatarsal Stress Fracture in Athletes / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to know utility of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of fifth proximal metatarsal stress fractures in athletes by assessment of radiological and clinical outcome. This study examined clinical and radiological union time of eleven cases of percutaneous screw fixation, which used the 4.0 mm cannulated screw, of fifth proximal metatarsal stress fracture in athletes. Type I of Torg classification is 7 cases, type II is 3 cases and type III is 1 case. All the cases showed fracture union, and all the patients resumed their athletics at the final follow-up. None of the cases complained of refracture or pain around where they had surgery, and visual analogue scale of pain, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 0.73 and 93.4. The results of the study confirm that percutaneous screw fixation, which used the cannulated screw, of fifth proximal metatarsal stress fracture would help athletes resume their athletics in early stages.

Treatment of the Trimalleolar Fracture Using Posterolateral Approach: Minimum 2-year Follow Up Results

PURPOSE: To analyze the long term follow up results of treatment with posterolateral approach and to investigate its usefulness in the patients of trimalleolar fracture with posterior fragment which is above 25% of articular involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 34 cases of trimalleolar fracture in our hospital from May 2004 to April 2008. We investigated 20 patients who underwent operation with the posterolateral approach and over-2 years follow up cases. The mean follow up period was 34 (24~58) months. Preoperative posterior malleolar fragment involved above 25% of articular surface in all cases and displaced more than 2 mm in 11 cases. We analyzed the radiologic type of posterior malleolar fragments and evaluated the function and pain through AOFAS score and complications. RESULTS: All cases showed primary union at mean 13.1 weeks. The complications are that partial ankylosis result of soft tissue contracture is seen in 2 cases (10%) and post-traumatic arthritis is seen in 1 cases (5%) and 17 cases (85%) of all patients are showed excellent AOFAS score. CONCLUSION: The posterolateral approach is a valuable method because that it enables us to easily reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus and lateral malleolus at one time and the results are satisfied for a long time follow up.

Treatment of Proximal Tibia Fractures Using LCP by MIPO Technique

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the efficacy of MIPO (minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis) technique by LCP (locking compression plate) for treating proximal tibia fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients, who had operation due to proximal tibia fracture and available for follow up for more than 1 year were included in this study. Cause of injury and accompanied injuries were checked. Operation time, period to bone union, range of joint motion and alignment were evaluated with complications. RESULTS: Mean bone union time was 13.7 weeks (10~20). Twenty-one cases of the patients showed angulation of less than 5 degrees and 17 cases had normal range of motion. Five cases showed skin irritation by the plate and 2 cases had superficial infection. CONCLUSION: LCP by MIPO technique for treating proximal tibia fracture showed excellent results. Delicate technique is required for the proper adjustment of LCP and the alignment of the lower leg.