Hemodynamics on Three-Phase Dynamic CT and Ultrasonographic Echogenicity of Small Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between hemodynamics on three-phase CT and ultrasonography echogenecity of small hepatic cavernous hemangiomas (0.5 - 3 cm). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 158 hepatic cavernous hemangiomas in 139 patients with normal liver parenchyma, who underwent ultrasonography and dynamic CT, were analyzed retrospectively over a six-year period. Two radiologists performed independent analysis of the echogenecity (hyperechoic to hypoechoic) on ultrasonography and hemodynamics (slow to rapid) on CT images using five-grade scales. Correlation between ultrasonography echogenecity scores and CT hemodynamics scores was examined using Spearman's correlation analysis. CT hemodynamics scores were also evaluated with respect to the size of the hepatic cavernous hemangiomas using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS: The ultrasonography echogenecity scores showed significant correlation with the CT hemodynamics scores (r=0.364, p0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More rapid filling of contrast materials in small hepatic cavernous hemangiomas on dynamic CT suggests a greater decrease in echogenecity on ultrasonography and the echogenicity of small hepatic cavernous hemangiomas on ultrasonography can be predicted based on their hemodynamics on dynamic CT.

Eosinophilic Infiltration in the Liver: Unusual Manifestation of Hepatic Segmental Involvement

Eosinophilic infiltration in the liver is not a rare disease and it is usually presented as multiple, small, ill defined, oval or round, low attenuated lesions on portal phase of computed tomography. We reported case of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration in the liver, as an unusual manifestation of segmental involvement.

An Impacted Pancreatic Stone in the Papilla Induced Acute Obstructive Cholangitis in a Patient with Chronic Pancreatitis

Obstructive jaundice is very rarely caused by impaction of a pancreatic stone in the papilla. We report here on a case of obstructive jaundice with acute cholangitis that was caused by an impacted pancreatic stone in the papilla in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. A 48-year-old man presented with acute obstructive cholangitis. Abdominal computed tomography with the reconstructed image revealed distal biliary obstruction that was caused by a pancreatic stone in the pancreatic head, and there was also pancreatic ductal dilatation and parenchymal atrophy of the pancreatic body and tail with multiple calcifications. Emergency duodenoscopy revealed an impacted pancreatic stone in the papilla. Precut papillotomy using a needle knife was performed, followed by removal of the pancreatic stone using grasping forceps. After additional sphincterotomy, a large amount of dark-greenish bile juice gushed out. The patient rapidly improved and he has remained well.

Pregnancy and Natural Delivery Following Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery of Uterine Myomas

This report discusses a pregnancy case following a series of two consecutive magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) procedures for the treatment of two different myomas in an individual patient. Both procedures were completed without adverse events, and the patient conceived naturally four months after treatment. At 39 weeks, she gave birth to a healthy baby girl, via a vaginal delivery. There were no complications in the pregnancy or during labor.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery for uterine fibroids: Initial experience in Korea / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to review the safety and short-term efficacy of non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) on uterine myomas in Korean women. METHODS: A total of 29 outpatient Korean women, whose mean age was 39.1+/-5.8 years, were treated using the MRgFUS system for their symptomatic uterine myomas. Patients??symptoms were recorded using a validated symptom-specific questionnaire on treatment day, and at follow-up visits, 3 and 6 months post treatment. Data on adverse events was recorded on each follow up period. RESULTS: Symptom improvement was experienced by 83% of the patients at the three months follow-up, and 90% of the patients reported on improved quality of life by the six months follow-up. There were no serious adverse events during the treatments or the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: MRgFUS appears to be a safe and effective treatment for symptoms relief of uterine fibroids. Additional reports on longer follow up should verify long-term durability.

Pure Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma of the Cervical Spine that Presented with an Acute Sensory Deficit Caused by Hemorrhage

Pure epidural cavernous hemangioma of the spine without vertebral involvement is rare. Due to the slow growth of this lesion, the most common symptoms are chronic pain, myelopathy, and radiculopathy. In our case, the patient complained of an acute onset sensory deficit of the C4 dermatome. An MRI revealed an epidural mass with an acute hematoma. Here, we report a case of a pure epidural cavernous hemangioma that presented with acute neurologic symptoms caused by intralesional hemorrhage and an acute epidural hematoma, which were demonstrated on the patient's MRI.

Pure Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma of the Cervical Spine that Presented with an Acute Sensory Deficit Caused by Hemorrhage

Pure epidural cavernous hemangioma of the spine without vertebral involvement is rare. Due to the slow growth of this lesion, the most common symptoms are chronic pain, myelopathy, and radiculopathy. In our case, the patient complained of an acute onset sensory deficit of the C4 dermatome. An MRI revealed an epidural mass with an acute hematoma. Here, we report a case of a pure epidural cavernous hemangioma that presented with acute neurologic symptoms caused by intralesional hemorrhage and an acute epidural hematoma, which were demonstrated on the patient's MRI.

Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Symptomatic Fibroids

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the potential usefulness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the management of uterine leiomyoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty nine patients (mean age; 40.3 years, age range; 31-52 years) who underwent UAE for symptomatic fibroids (with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and bulk-related symptoms) from January 2000 to December 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 3.5 months (range: 1-8 months). The fibroids ranged in size from 2.0 cm to 13.2 cm with a mean size of 5.8 cm. We performed embolization using polyvinyl alcohol particles (250-710microgram). The improvement of the clinical symptoms was analyzed. Reduction of the uterine and predominant fibroid volumes was assessed using MRI. RESULTS: Symptom improvement for the menorrhagia (87.5%), dysmenorrhea (83.3%) and the bulk-related symptoms (79.2%) was reported. Complications included ovarian failure in four patients (5.8% of the total patients, mean age: 43.3 yrs) and infection in three patients (4.3% of the total patients) who underwent conservative management with intravenous antibiotics and analgesics. The volume reduction rate of the uterus and the predominant fibroids after uterine artery embolization were 36.3% and 56.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: UAE is a promising new treatment for symptomatic fibroids and may be a valuable alternative to hysterectomy.

Burkitt's Lymphoma Representing Periportal Infiltrating Mass on CT

Imaging findings of secondary hepatic lymphoma have been reported as variable, ranging from single or multiple small nodules to diffuse infiltrative tumor patterns. We hear present a rare case report concerning aggressive B cells, secondary Burkitt's lymphoma in non-AIDS demonstrating a surprising periportal lymphoma infiltration, without upper abdominal lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly on the sonography and CT scans. Clinically, the case was characterized by atypical and highly aggressive course, with the patient presenting an abruptly developed obstructive jaundice with rapidly deteriorating hepatic function that could be indicative of cholestatic hepatitis, which differs in its clinical manifestations from hepatic lymphoma without functional deterioration in respect of its non-tissue destructive growth pattern. We suggest that hepatic lymphoma can sometimes be consistent with periportal infiltrating homogeneous mass, with no lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly on the imaging examination, with a predictable aggressive clinical course of the disease and poor prognosis.

CT Findings of Surgically Verified Acute Invasive Small Bowel Anisakiasis Resulting in Small Bowel Obstruction

Acute invasive small bowel anisakiasis is an extremely rare cause of small bowel obstruction. The authors report a case of surgically verified small bowel anisakiasis resulting in small bowel obstruction. A 54-year-old man presented with suddenly developed diffuse abdominal pain after ingestion of raw fish. The peripheral blood examination showed leukocytosis without eosinophilia. CT showed a long segment of thickened small bowel accompanied by a focal narrowed portion and combined with ascites. When these findings are noted in patients with a history of recent ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, the diagnosis of small bowel anisakiasis should be considered in order to avoid application of unnecessary surgical treatment, in spite of the severity of the abdominal pain and bowel obstruction.

Clinical and CT Findings of Klebsiella Liver Abscess: Comparison with Non-Klebsiella Liver Abscess

PURPOSE: To analyse the clinical features and CT findings of pyogenic liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae, and to compare the findings with those of cases in which abscesses were caused by other pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one cases of pyogenic liver abscess were assigned to either the Klebsiella or the non-Klebsiella group, and the patients' past medical history and intra-abdominal abnormalities such as calculus or malignancy were reviewed. Laboratory data such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), SGOT and SGPT levels were analyzed, and on the basis of the CT findings, decisions were reached as to (a) whether abscesses were single or multiple, multiple contiguous or discontiguous, uniloculated or multiloculated; and (b) the presence or absence of gas, hepatic parenchymal enhancement, peripheral rim enhancement, and extrahepatic abnormality. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test was used. RESULTS: Among 21 abscesses, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (n=11). The others were Pseudomonas (n=3), E.coli (n=2), Enterococcus (n=2), G. (+) cocci (n=2) and Polymicrobial (n=1). Diabetes mellitus was more common among patients in the Klebsiella group, among whom a multiloculated single cavity was a frequent finding. Five patients in the non-Klebsiella group experienced biliary tract obstruction, which was not demonstrated in the Klebsiella group. Hepatic parenchymal enhancement was more common in the non-Klebsiella group. CONCLUSION: In cases of pyogenic liver disease, especially where diabates mellitus is involved, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen. Significant CT findings of Klebsiella liver abscess included a multiloculated single cavity, rare biliary tract obstruction, and little hepatic parenchymal enhancement.

A Case Report of Situs Inversus Totalis / 체질인류학회지

A 55 yr -old female patient visited to the OPD of OS department complaining of the lumbago, the radiating pain to right thigh and the swelling of right knee and calf regions. On routine chest and abdominal X -ray and ECG, the dextrocardia was revealed. For further detail examination, Doppler US, lung perfusion scan, MRI images were obtained. As a result, the situs inversus with dextrocardia was confirmed. Other congenital anomalies or diseases were not combined. The patient was cared with conservative treatment of lowback pain via OPD. And she was recovered successfully.

Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma in Cirrhotic Liver: Imaging Findings

OBJECTIVE: To document the imaging findings of hepatic cavernous heman-gioma detected in cirrhotic liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The imaging findings of 14 hepatic cavernous hemangiomas in ten patients with liver cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed. A diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangioma was based on the findings of two or more of the following imaging studies: MR, including contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging (n = 10), dynamic CT (n = 4), hepatic arteriography (n = 9), and US (n =10). RESULTS: The mean size of the 14 hepatic hemangiomas was 0.9 (range, 0.5 -1.5) cm in the longest dimension. In 11 of these (79%), contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging showed rapid contrast enhancement of the entire lesion during the early phase, and hepatic arteriography revealed globular enhancement and rapid filling-in. On contrast-enhanced MR images, three lesions (21%) showed partial enhancement until the 5-min delayed phases. US indicated that while three slowly enhancing lesions were homogeneously hypere-choic, 9 (82%) of 11 showing rapid enhancement were not delineated. CONCLUSION: The majority of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas detected in cirrhotic liver are small in size, and in many, hepatic arteriography and/or contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging demonstrates rapid enhancement. US, however, fails to distinguish a lesion of this kind from its cirrhotic background.

CT Findings of Focal Organizing Pneumonia

PURPOSE: Focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) is a benign condition which is often difficult to differentiate from bronchogenic carcinoma, and many patients with FOP undergo invasive procedures. We tried to determine which CT features might help provide a confident diagnosis of FOP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, chest radiographs and CT scans of 13 patients with histopathologically proven FOP. Initial chest radiographs in all 13 suggested bronchogenic carcinoma. The CT scans were reviewed by three radiologists, and final decisions were reached by consensus. They were analyzed in terms of the size, shape, contour and localization of the lesion, internal characteristics of the nodule, changes in surrounding structures, and changes in any of these findings, as revealed by follow-up chest CT scanning. RESULTS: FOP lesions were oval or triangular in shape and between 1.8 and 6.5 cm in their largest diameter. All had irregular margins and all but one were peripherally located. Eight (61.5%) were in contact with the pleura and five (38.5%) were located along the peripheral bronchovascular bundle, with pleural indentation; in eight (61.5%), post-contrast CT scanning revealed inhomogeneous enhancement, and four (30.8%) had pleural tags. In five (38.5%), there was coarse spiculation; for six (46.2%), air bronchograms were available, and in four (30.8%), satellite nodules were present. Spotty calcification and lymph node enlargement were each evident in one case only. Follow-up CT scanning, available in four cases, showed that the mass decreased in size in three and disappeared completely in one. CONCLUSION: Although there were no consistent CT features for differentiating focal organizing pneumonia from lung cancer, the possibility of the former should be considered when a peripherally-located oval or triangular-shaped mass is in broad contact with the pleura or is located along the bronchovascular bundle, and satellite nodules are also present.

Acute Pyelonephritis: Role of Enhanced CT Scan in the Prediction of Clinical Outcome

PURPOSE: To correlate the CT findings of acute pyelonephritis with its outcome and with clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty five contrast enhanced CT scans in patients diagnosed as suffering from acute pyelonephritis were retrospectively analyzed. Findings based on the morphology of perfusion defect in the renal parenchyma were classified as normal, focal wedge, multifocal wedge, focal mass, or mixed form composed of wedge and mass. These findings were correlated with clinical data such as degree of fever, leukocytosis, the period after antibiotic treatment during which fever was reduced, and the presence of pyuria in each group Analysis was then performed. RESULTS: Perfusion defects were seen in 23 of 35 cases, and their morphology was classified as follows; focal wedge (n=2), multifocal wedge (n=8), focal mass (n=4), and mixed form (n=9). Twelve cases (34.3%) showed no perfusion defect. The duration of fever was significantly prolonged in patients with focal mass form(p<.05). There was no significant correlation between the morphology of perfusion defect, bilaterality, and other clinical factors. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that the clinical course of the focal mass form of perfusion defect, as seen on CT, is different from that of other types. CT could be effective in predicting clinical progress and the outcome of treatment in cases of acute pyelonephritis.

The Usefulness of Esophagogram with Marshmallow Bolus in Patients with Esophageal-Related Symptoms

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the esophagogram using marshmallow bolus in the evaluation of the causes of variable esophageal-related symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Esophagograms using marshmallow bolus were performed on 44 patients with esophageal-related symptoms and on ten normal volunteers. Video fluoroscopic studies were also made. Patients were classified into three groups according to their esophageal-related symptoms ; those with dysphagia, those with globus symptom, and those with chest pain. Abnormal findings on an esophagogram with marshmallow were graded into three categories ; mild, moderate, and severe. Provocation of the same symptom wasalso evaluated. Esophageal manometric studies were performed on 16 patients and those results were compared with the results obtained from the esophagogram using marshmallow bolus. RESULTS: The provocation rate of the same symptom was 33% in the first group, 47% in the second, and 24% in the third. The provocation rate was highest inthe second group. The provocation rate was also higher in patients with a severe degree of abnormality on anesophagogram using marshmallow bolus. Where there were abnormal findings, an esophagogram using marshmallow bolus showed a higher abnormality rate than did a conventional esophagogram. In cases showing abnormal findings on the esophageal manometric study, an esophagogram using marshmallow bolus showed a higher provocation rate and more severe abnormality than in cases showing normal findings on manometric study. CONCLUSION: An esophagogram using marshmallow bolus will a useful radiologic screening modality for the evaluation of patients with esophageal-related symptoms.

Evaluation of the Dynamic Patency of the Frontonasal Duct: Value of PNS CT Scan after Administration of anlsoosmolar Contrast Agent for Low lrritation into the Nasal Cavity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the dynamic patency of the frontonasal duct(FND) on PNS CT scan after administration ofan iso-osmolar contrast agent (lsovist) into the nasal cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronal PNS CT scans from ten normal and 30 patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis were obtained after administration of lsovist intothe nasal cavity, followed by Valsalva maneuver for the even distribution of the agent into the FND and sinuses. Atotal of 80 FNDs were evaluated for dynamic patency by examining the presence of the contrast agent in ducts. RESULTS: The contrast agent was visualized in 34/37 FNDs(91.9%) without ipsilateral frontal sinus it is and was visualized in 18/43 FNDs(41.9%) in cases of ipsilateral frontal sinusitis. In addition, the contrast agent within the ipsilateral frontal sinus was visualized in 8/18 FNDs(44.4%). The major causes of ductal obstruction were mucoperiosteal thickening and polypoid lesions secondary to inflammation. CONCLUSION: PNS CT scan together with the administration of lsovist, which caused minimal irritation, was useful for the evaluation of the relationship between the dynamic patency of the FND and frontal sinusitis, In addition, this study can provide the rhinologist with accurate anatomical and pathological information concerning the FND before a choice is made between endoscopic sinus surgery or medical treatment.

Usefulness of Ultrasonography for Detection of Breast Cancer in Patients under 30 Years of Age

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.

The Value of MRI Findings in Augmented Mammoplasty

PURPOSE: The objective of augmentation mammoplasty includes reconstruction and cosmesis after breast surgery Increasing frequency of the procedure has been related with increased complications. Authors evaluated the value of breast MRI in the diagnosis of complications after augmentation mammoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors studied 42 breasts of 24 patients, who had undertaken augmentation mammoplasty. We evaluated findings of mammography, ultrasonography, and breast MRI in all patients. We used variable MRI sequences for better evaluation of implant status. The results were compared with the findings in surgical field. RESULTS: In all imaging studies, nodule or mass was indentifiable in the cases of interstitial paraffine injection(8 breasts), interstitial silicon injection(7 breasts), and herb medication(2 breasts). However, the differentitation between malignant and benign nodule was only possible at dynamic breast MRI. Mammogram was not helpful in the evaluation of extracapsular rupture in the cases of silastic bag insertion. In sonogram, identification of echogenic material was possible, although, false negative and false positive rate were high. MRI was able to visualize contour of entire implant and it was able to easily recognize low signal internal structure. CONCLUSION: MRI was the most accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the character of the palpable mass after augmentation mammoplasty and early detection of breast implant rupture.

Usefulness of Ultrasonography for Detection of Breast Cancer in Patients under 30 Years of Age

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.