Immunoreactivity of androgen receptor protein in sexually dimorphic spinal motonucleus in neonatal male rats

The spinal motonucleus of the genitofemoral nerve regulating scrotal temperature can also be related to prenatal and neonatal testicular descent by gubernacular change in rats, and a sexually dimorphic-like bulbocavernosus/dorsolateral motonucleus. There is a hypothesis that neonatal androgen affects these motonuclei, and induces development of sexual organs through neural stimulation. Until now, the accumulation of isotope-labelled androgen and the immuno-reactivity of androgen receptor protein in each sexually-dimorphic spinal motonucleus have been revealed in adult rats but they have not been established in rats during neonatal periods. To investigate the presence of the androgen receptor in spinal sexually-dimorphic motonuclei in the neonatal period, we evaluated the androgen receptor immunoreactivity of these motonuclei. In Sprague-Dawley male rats, the lumbar spinal cords were resected at postnatal days 3, 10 and 30, and stained immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibody of androgen receptor protein. The immunoreactivity of androgen receptor protein was observed in the cells of the genitofemoral motonucleus from the 13th thoracic to the 2nd lumbar spinal cord and the bulbocavernosus/dorsolateral motonucleus was observed from the 4th to 5th lumbar spinal cord in all age groups. The proportional areas of both motonuclei at days 3 and 10 on cross-section were larger than at day 30. The motonuclei at days 3 and 10 were similar in all age groups. With the above results, the presence of androgen receptor protein was confirmed in the genitofemoral and bulbocavernosus/dorsolateral motonucleus from neonate to day 30. The larger proportional area of these motonuclei in neonates may indicate an active role for these motonuclei during the neonatal period. Although the immunoreactivity does not directly imply the presence of a functional receptor, neonatal androgen could be responsible for the development of sexual organs through the spinal motonucleus.

Milk of Calcium in Renal Caliceal Diverticulum / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A Milk of calcium is a well known finding in the extrahepatic biliary tree, particulary in the gallbladder, but rarely occurred in the kidneys. A caliceal diverticulum is a saccular structure containing urine and connect to an adjacent calyx by a narrow isthmus. They are lined with transitional epithelium continuous with that of calyx. Their origin is still unknown, but is generally attributes either to a developmental malformation or to prior infection. The diagnostic appearance may be lacking when the condition is present, since an errect or decubitus projection is frequently not a standard part of each roentgenologic examination of the abdomen or urinary tract. The management and treatment of Milk of Calcium in renal caliceal diverticulum is based on subjective and objective findings. Surgery should consist of eradication of the diverticulum lining and obliteration of communicating channel. We explored the kidney for the impression of renal stone, but could not find the stone, Retrospective review turned out to be the Milk of Calcium. We report our experience here in with review of literatures.