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Background: Infective Keratitis (Microbial Keratitis) is infection of the cornea caused by a wide spectrum of micro-bial agents. Its main clinical presentation is Corneal ulcer that is defined as a loss of corneal epithelium. According to World health organization (WHO), corneal diseases are among the major causes of vision loss and blindness in the world today, second only to cataract in overall importance. Aim:To isolate and identify the pathogenic organism Method:The study was conducted in 45 patients diagnosed with corneal ulcer attending Ophthalmology OPD, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur over a period of 2 months. The material was scraped from the lead-ing edge and base of the ulcer and was inoculated onto Blood agar, Mac conkey agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar for culture and onto 2 slides for Gram’s stain and 10% KOH wet mount. The susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 45 patients,35were males. Majority of the patients belonged to age group of 50-60 years. Pain, Redness, Hypopyon was most commonly seen in Bacterial keratitis. In Fungal Keratitis, Redness (80%), Blurred vision (80%) was seen. Most common occupation was Farmers (66.6%). Trauma was the most common risk factor (23 isolates). Majority were bacterial isolates (29 isolates,64.4%) followed by fungal (5 iso-lates ,11.1%). Predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus(68.9%). All the gram-positive isolates showed 100%senitivity to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Conclusion: Knowledge of local prevalence of etiological agents of IK and their susceptibility patterns helps in guiding ophthalmologists to select appropriate antibiotic for empirical therapy
RESUMO
Background: Infective keratitis is the second major cause of blindness next to cataract. Mycotic keratitis is an im-portant ophthalmologic problem especially in developing countries including India. Fungal infection involving cornea is a fatal condition which needs early diagnosis and treatment to save the patient’s eye. Though studies on mycotic keratitis have been reported from different part of India, to the best of our knowledge this study showing antifungal susceptibility is the first to be reported from Southern Odisha. Objective: The purpose of this study was to study epi-demiological characteristics, predisposing factors, fungal etiology and antifungal susceptibility of common fungal isolates in infective keratitis cases. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November 2015 to October 2017 in the Department of Microbiology and Ophthalmology M.K.C.G Medical College and Hospi-tal .Relevant information was recorded using standard proforma of keratitis cases. Corneal scrapings were collected under strict aseptic conditions and subjected to10% KOH mount, Gram stain and culture. Identification of fungala-gents were done as per standard microbiological procedures. An antifungal sensitivity test was done by microbroth dilutions as per CLSI reference method. Results: Over a period of two years 149 patients of infective keratitis were evaluated. Microbiological diagnosis of mycotic keratitis was established in 39 (26.17%) cases. Filamentous fungi were isolated more often than yeasts. The most frequently encountered filamentous fungi and yeasts were Aspergil-lusspp. 14 (35.89%) and Candida albicans 7 (17.94%) respectively. Males were more commonly affected and were mostly in the age group of 46-60 years. Ocular trauma due to vegetative matter was the most common predisposing factor. Natamycin was the most effective antifungal against filamentous fungi and amphotericin B was most effective for Candida albicans. Conclusion: Because of serious consequences of mycotic keratitis, it is very important to know the exact etiological agents and effective antifungals to save the eye of the patients. So laboratory confirmation should be undertaken and fungal infection should be ruled out before prescribing antimicrobial agents.
RESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Empiric treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infection [CA-UTI] is determined by antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens in a population of specific geographical location. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CA-UTI in rural Odisha, India, and the effect of gender and age on its prevalence as well as etiologic agents and the resistance profile of the bacterial isolates. Consecutive clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 1670 adult patients. The urine samples were processed and microbial isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. The prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in females compared with males [females 45.2%, males 18.4%, OR = 2.041, 95% CI = 1.64-2.52, P /= 68 years] showed high prevalence of UTI. Escherichia coli [68.8%] was the most prevalent isolate followed by Enterococcus spp. [9.7%]. Amikacin and nitrofurantoin were the most active antimicrobial agents which showed low resistance rate of 5.8% and 9.8%, respectively. Our study revealed E. coli as the pre-dominant bacterial pathogen. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for uncomplicated CA-UTIs. In the Indian setting, routine urine cultures may be advisable, since treatment failure is likely to occur with commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, development of regional surveillance programs is necessary for implementation of national CA-UTI guidelines