Descriptive Review of Patents in Healthcare and Nursing: Based on Network Analysis

Purpose@#The significance of the healthcare industry has grown exponentially in recent years due to the impact of the fourth industrial revolution and the ongoing pandemic. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine domestic healthcare-related patents comprehensively. Big data analysis was used to present the trend and status of patents filed in nursing. @*Methods@#The descriptive review was conducted based on Grant and Booth’s descriptive review framework. Patents related to nursing was searched in the Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service between January 2016 to December 2020. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, phi-coefficient for correlations, and network analysis using the R program (version 4.2.2). @*Results@#Among 37,824 patents initially searched, 1,574 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Nursing-related patents did not specify subjects, and many patents (41.4%) were related to treatment in the healthcare delivery phase. Furthermore, most patents (56.1%) were designed to increase effectiveness. The words frequently used in the titles of nursing-related patents were, in order, “artificial intelligence,” “health management,” and “medical information,” and the main terms with high connection centrality were “artificial intelligence” and “therapeutic system.” @*Conclusion@#The industrialization of nursing is the best solution for developing the healthcare industry and national health promotion. Collaborations in education, research, and policy will help the nursing industry become a healthcare industry of the future. This will prime the enhancement of the national economy and public health.

Association between Resilience, Professional Quality of Life, and Caring Behavior in Oncology Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose@#The degree of caring behavior of oncology nurses is a crucial factor in the care provided to patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors related to oncology nurses’ caring behavior, including their resilience and professional quality of life. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 107 oncology nurses at an urban tertiary hospital from May 18 to 24, 2015.We used a self-report questionnaire to measure resilience, professional quality of life, and degree of caring behavior. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 20.0. @*Results@#Oncology nurses presented with low levels of resilience and caring behavior, and high levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. There was a statistically significant relationship between the degree of caring behavior, resilience (r = .43, p < .001), compassion satisfaction (r = .51, p < .001), and burnout (r = - .42, p < .001), as well as between secondary traumatic stress and burnout (r = .34, p < .001). Factors associated with oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior were compassion satisfaction (t = 6.00, p < .001) and educational level (t = 3.45, p = .001). @*Conclusion@#This study demonstrates that oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior is related to their professional quality of life and education. These findings suggest that enhancing oncology nurses’ healthy coping strategies at both the individual and organizational levels can further develop holistic nursing care. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting nurses’ compassion satisfaction and to try to promote this aspect.

Factors related to Cancer Preventive Behavior among Patients with Early Gastric Cancer who Underwent Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Purpose@#The research aimed to investigate the factors affecting cancer preventive behavior among patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). @*Methods@#Data were collected from 126 patients who underwent ESD for EGC and who were recruited from a single university affiliated hospital, Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#The average score of cancer preventive behavior was 66.87±10.36 out of 90. Correlations between attitude toward cancer and preventive behavior regarding cancer were positive (r=.26, p=.004). Also, the regression analyses revealed that factors affecting cancer preventive behavior included perception of cancer screening, attitude toward cancer, and age. A history of drinking alcohol on the other hand was negatively related to cancer preventive behavior. The regression analyses explained 31% of variance (F=6.50, p=.037). @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that nurses should develop a program for risk groups (people who drink alcohol regularly, are under the age of 65 and who have poor self-health care after ESD). And such a program should include interventions to improve attitudes toward cancer and perception of cancer screening, and encourage physical activity.

Influencing Factors on the Needs for Hospice Palliative Care among Caregivers of Patients with Cancer

Purpose@#The objectives of this study were to describe the needs and knowledge for hospice palliative care, to identify the caregiving burden among cancer caregivers, and to determine factors that influence the needs for hospice palliative care. @*Methods@#This study was designed with a descriptive correlation study with structured questionnaires. Data were collected from 162 caregivers of patients with cancer from September 2018 to March 2019 in a university-affiliated hospital in Seoul, Korea. Cancer patients’ needs, knowledge of hospice palliative care, and caregiving burden were measured. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. @*Results@#The mean needs score was 90.32±17.12, the correct answers rate of knowledge items was 47.5%, and the mean score of caregiving burden was 32.53±13.94. In the regression model, knowledge, caregiving burden, age, and relationship with the patient were identified as the influencing factors of the needs of caregivers (F=6.98, p<. 001) and showed a variance of 16%. @*Conclusion@#This study highlights the unmet needs for early palliative care. Policies and social support should be established to alleviate the caregiving burden, enhance knowledge, and reduce the need for hospice palliative care. These factors are essential not only for caregivers but also for patients with cancer.

An Integrative Review on Dining Experiences of Vegetarians as a Minority Food Culture: Based on Qualitative Research

Background@#Despite the emphasis on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and growing interest in the contribution of meat consumption to climate change and the resulting health hazards, few studies have been conducted to understand the vegetarian dining experience. The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of qualitative research on dining experiences for vegetarians, and to suggest development directions for understanding and coping with it. @*Methods@#An integrative review method was used. Based on Whittemore & Knafl’s approach, five steps were applied. @*Results@#Of the 413 articles initially retrieved from the electronic databases, 12 studies met the selection criteria. Three characteristics related to the dining experiences of vegetarians were derived: (1) feeling healthy, (2) establishing identity, and (3) transition to healthy diet. Results emphasize that many of the difficulties that vegetarians face in maintaining a vegetarian diet are due to relationships with non-vegetarians, and vegetarians use various negotiation strategies to positively interact with non-vegetarians. @*Conclusions@#This review found that for vegetarians, a vegetarian diet is a lifestyle that reflects their identity and is an important transition for a healthier life. As a minority in the food culture, there is a need to promote the transition to a healthy dining experience by understanding what the dining experience of vegetarians is like and considering alternatives to the difficulties they face.

Nurses’ Perceived Needs and Barriers Regarding Pediatric Palliative Care: A Mixed-Methods Study / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to describe nurses’ perceived needs and barriers to pediatric palliative care (PPC). @*Methods@#Mixed methods with an embedded design were applied. An online survey was conducted for nurses who participated in the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium- Pediatric Palliative Care (ELNEC-PPC) train-the-trainer program, of whom 63 responded. Quantitative data were collected with a survey questionnaire developed through the Delphi method. The 47 items for needs and 15 items for barriers to PPC were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were collected through openended questions and analyzed with topic modeling techniques. @*Results@#The mean scores of most subdomains of the PPC needs were 3.5 or higher out of 4, and those of PPC barriers ranged from 3.22 to 3.56, indicating the items in the questionnaire developed in this study properly reflect each factor. The needs for PPC were divided into 4 categories: “children and adolescents,” “families,” “PPC management system,” and “community-based PPC.” Meanwhile, PPC barriers were divided into 3 categories: “healthcare delivery system,” “healthcare provider,” and “client.” The keywords derived from the topic modeling were perception, palliative, children, and education for necessities and lack, perception, medical care, professional care providers, service, and system for barriers to PPC. @*Conclusion@#In this study, by using mixed-methods, items of nurses’ perceived needs and barriers to PPC were identified, categorized, and weighted, and their meanings were explored. For the stable establishment of PPC, the priority should be given to improving perceptions of PPC, establishing an appropriate system, and training professional care providers.

Factors Affecting Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the fear of cancer recurrence in the patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants based on Simonelli’s theory of the fear of cancer recurrence. @*Methods@#A descriptive study was conducted. From October 2020 to January 2021, a total of 83 patients who were diagnosed with hematopoietic cancer at C university hospital in Seoul and who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplants were surveyed using questionnaires and electronic medical records. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients were at high risk of fear of cancer recurrence (68.7%). The regression model explained that distress, quality of life, and gender were the main factors influencing the fear of cancer recurrence, which can explain 43.2% of the total variation. @*Conclusion@#In order to reduce the fear of cancer recurrence in patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, a nursing plan to reduce the psychosocial factors of the patients should be developed. In this way, nurses can assist patients in solving problems after transplantation and in adapting to daily life.

Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications

Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.

Factors Affecting Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the fear of cancer recurrence in the patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants based on Simonelli’s theory of the fear of cancer recurrence. @*Methods@#A descriptive study was conducted. From October 2020 to January 2021, a total of 83 patients who were diagnosed with hematopoietic cancer at C university hospital in Seoul and who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplants were surveyed using questionnaires and electronic medical records. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients were at high risk of fear of cancer recurrence (68.7%). The regression model explained that distress, quality of life, and gender were the main factors influencing the fear of cancer recurrence, which can explain 43.2% of the total variation. @*Conclusion@#In order to reduce the fear of cancer recurrence in patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, a nursing plan to reduce the psychosocial factors of the patients should be developed. In this way, nurses can assist patients in solving problems after transplantation and in adapting to daily life.

Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications

Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.

Biological Activity of Chemical Constituents Isolated from Strain Chlamydomonas sp. KSF108 (Chlamydomonadaceae)

This study focused on investigation of the immunosuppressive inhibitory effect through determination of IL-2 production of nine compounds (1 − 9) isolated from Chlamydomonas sp. KSF108. Among them, compounds 1, 5, and 6 displayed moderately inhibitory effects on IL-2 production at a concentration of 100 μM. In addition, the related ones including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities were also elucidated. 6 further displayed cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 17.2 μM and 4, 6 − 7, and 9 possessed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values ranging from 3.1 to 4.4 μM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the bioactivity of isolated chemical constituents from the genus Chlamydomonas. Compounds 1 and 5 investigated for the first time in the activity of immunosuppressivity and 6 may come to serve as the most important marker in broad-spectrum activities of the secondary metabolites identified from C. sp. KSF108.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Working Cancer Survivors: Based on the 6 th and 7 th (2014, 2016, 2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Purpose@#The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between subjective health status, mental health, and quality of life among cancer survivors, who are workers, and to identify the factors affecting the quality of life. @*Methods@#This study conducted a second data analysis using data from the 6 th (2014, 2016) and 7 th (2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Retrospective data searching was performed and finally a sample of 205 cancer survivors, who are workers was included. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#The regression model explained 33.3% of the quality of life, and the influencing factors were depression (β=-.309, p<.001), age (β=-.288,p<.001), subjective health status (β=-.183, p=.005), and gender (β=-.135, p=.024). @*Conclusion@#In order to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors, who are workers, mental health such as depression must be assessed and actively managed. To promote mental health, an intervention program that can improve aspects of health such as physical and spiritual health has been developed to improve the overall quality of life.

Who are the Assistant Cooks at the Community Child Centers in South Korea? Focus Group Interviews with Workfare Program Participants

Purpose@#Community child centers (CCCs) were introduced to provide after-school activities and care, including meal services to children from low-income families. The assistant cooks, who have the main responsibility for making and serving food at CCCs, are a major factor influencing the eating habits of children using CCCs. In this study, we tried to identify and understand who the assistant cooks are, what their job responsibilities are, and what they need in order to be able to provide children with healthy meals. @*Methods@#Three focus group interviews were held with 17 workfare program participants who worked as assistant cooks at CCCs, and content analysis methods were applied using the NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software. @*Results@#The assistant cooks reflected on their perceptions of the children's health at the CCCs, their own cooking style, and their role at the CCCs. Additionally, barriers to the optimal provision of their services were pointed out, and improvements were suggested. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study can be used as a fundamental resource for the development of tailored interventions that consider a child's unique environment to address health disparities, specifically with respect to childhood obesity.

Thyroid Cancer Patients’ Interests and Information Seeking Behavior: Focused on Online Community Analysis

Background and Objectives@#Many patients with thyroid cancer are participating in the online community. Thyroid cancer patients write and read a variety of posts in the online community, and there is a great deal of data generated in the digital environment. However, few studies have analyzed the online community of thyroid cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the online community to understand the interests and information seeking behavior of thyroid cancer patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Data were collected from August 2017 to September 2019 using statistics from an online community of thyroid cancer patients. The frequency analysis was performed by collecting the members’ gender, age, average usage time, time-of-day views, average monthly visits, device distribution, online community inflow query, query within online community, and content of a post with more than 1000 views per month. @*Results@#Analyzing the online community of thyroid cancer patients, women accounted for 80.4% of the total, and the age group of people in their 30s and 40s accounted for 77.5%. Online community subscribers averaged 0.7 visits a day using mobile, with the most frequent use time between 10pm and 12pm. Frequently used queries are medical staff names, surgery, recurrence and scar. Posts showed informational and emotional exchanges. @*Conclusion@#Patients with thyroid cancer have searched for a lot of information about surgery and recurrence. Analyzing the online community will help to understand the experience of thyroid cancer patients and contribute to the development of online community intervention.

An integrative review of learning experiences for nursing students in Korea: Based on qualitative research / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, nursing education will change in a different way than before. The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of qualitative research on learning experiences for nursing students, and to suggest directions for nursing education geared to the needs of the future. @*Methods@# An integrative review method was used. Based on Whittemore & Knafl’s approach, five steps were applied. @*Results@#Eleven papers met the selection criteria and had above average ratings in quality appraisals. Three characteristics related to the learning experiences of nursing students were derived: (1) overcoming difficulties in the learning process and concentrating on problem-solving, (2) improving self-efficacy through experiencing achievement in the learning process, (3) establishing nursing professionalism, (4) identifying the importance of self-directed and self-reflected learning, and (5) developing teamwork. @*Conclusion@#This review found that various learning experiences were conducted for practical experience and learner-oriented learning. Nursing students overcame difficulties to achieve their learning outcomes, and developed their professionalism. Further study is required to comprehensively explore research including other countries, and the experiences of instructors.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Working Cancer Survivors: Based on the 6 th and 7 th (2014, 2016, 2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Purpose@#The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between subjective health status, mental health, and quality of life among cancer survivors, who are workers, and to identify the factors affecting the quality of life. @*Methods@#This study conducted a second data analysis using data from the 6 th (2014, 2016) and 7 th (2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Retrospective data searching was performed and finally a sample of 205 cancer survivors, who are workers was included. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. @*Results@#The regression model explained 33.3% of the quality of life, and the influencing factors were depression (β=-.309, p<.001), age (β=-.288,p<.001), subjective health status (β=-.183, p=.005), and gender (β=-.135, p=.024). @*Conclusion@#In order to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors, who are workers, mental health such as depression must be assessed and actively managed. To promote mental health, an intervention program that can improve aspects of health such as physical and spiritual health has been developed to improve the overall quality of life.

Lived Experience of Clinical Nursing Instructors' Role in Clinical Practicum / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of clinical nursing instructors' lived experience in clinical practicum.METHODS: Data were collected from 11 clinical nursing instructors by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt (1992).RESULTS: Four themes and twelve subthemes were extracted. 1) Recognizing and conducting the roles of clinical nursing instructor: ‘Helping and providing support for successful clinical practicum’, ‘Coordinating clinical activities in daily practice’, ‘Providing mentoring as an elder in life’; 2) Participating in improving integrative nursing competency: ‘Helping to improve cognitive competency’, ‘Helping to improve functional competency’, ‘Contributing to form desirable professionalism’, ‘Helping to deliberate the nature of nursing’; 3) Experiencing difficulties in performing the role of clinical nursing instructor: ‘Facing with difficulty from institutional limits’, ‘Recognizing difficulty from lack of personal knowledge and experience’; 4) Experiencing value of clinical nursing instructor and accomplishing personal growth: ‘Making efforts to widen personal knowledge and experience’, ‘Developing one's own educational competency’, ‘Making a chance to reflect oneself’.CONCLUSION: Despite the distinctive features of clinical nursing instructors, little is known of the characteristics. The results of this study could be used as a reference to improve the quality of clinical nursing education.

Computer-Aided Detection with Automated Breast Ultrasonography for Suspicious Lesions Detected on Breast MRI

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system used with automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS) for suspicious lesions detected on breast MRI, and CAD-false lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included a total of 40 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ABUS (ACUSON S2000) to evaluate multiple suspicious lesions found on MRI. We used CAD (QVCAD™) in all the ABUS examinations. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CAD and analyzed the characteristics of CAD-detected lesions and the factors underlying false-positive and false-negative cases. We also analyzed false-positive lesions with CAD on ABUS. RESULTS: Of a total of 122 suspicious lesions detected on MRI in 40 patients, we excluded 51 daughter nodules near the main breast cancer within the same quadrant and included 71 lesions. We also analyzed 23 false-positive lesions using CAD with ABUS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CAD (for 94 lesions) with ABUS were 75.5%, 44.4%, 59.7%, and 62.5%, respectively. CAD facilitated the detection of 81.4% (35/43) of the invasive ductal cancer and 84.9% (28/33) of the invasive ductal cancer that showed a mass (excluding non-mass). CAD also revealed 90.3% (28/31) of the invasive ductal cancers measuring larger than 1 cm (excluding non-mass and those less than 1 cm). The mean sizes of the true-positive versus false-negative mass lesions were 2.08 ± 0.85 cm versus 1.6 ± 1.28 cm (P < 0.05). False-positive lesions included sclerosing adenosis and usual ductal hyperplasia. In a total of 23 false cases of CAD, the most common (18/23) cause was marginal or subareolar shadowing, followed by three simple cysts, a hematoma, and a skin wart. CONCLUSION: CAD with ABUS showed promising sensitivity for the detection of invasive ductal cancer showing masses larger than 1 cm on MRI.

Social Adjustment of Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Concept Analysis

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the attributes of social adjustment among adolescent cancer survivors using concept analysis and to propose a definition of the concept. METHODS: In accordance with the hybrid model of concept analysis, this study employed a three-phase circular process comprising theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. A thorough literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Korean databases, followed by qualitative fieldwork with seven participants. The results derived from the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated into the final analysis phase. RESULTS: Four attributes of social adjustment were found in adolescent cancer survivors: having harmonious relationships with friends, having harmonious relationships with boy/girlfriends, fulfilling their present roles, and planning for and expecting future roles. The following definition of social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors is proposed: “the conquering of difficulties arising from the continuum of childhood cancer and the achievement of the developmental tasks of typical adolescents.” CONCLUSION: Social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for integrating them into society. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing an instrument to measure the social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors and for developing of interventions that target this group.

Trend Analysis of Theory-based Research Published in Asian Oncology Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify and analyze the trends of theory-based research published in Asian Oncology Nursing (AON) from 2011 to 2017. METHODS: We analyzed 22 theory-based studies taken from among the 232 studies published in AON for 7years. We analyzed the framework developed by researchers, descriptive summaries of theory, keyword classification of nursing meta-paradigms, the generic character of the studies, and the type of research designs. RESULTS: A total of 23 theories were applied in the 22 (9.5%) studies. ‘Nursing’ was the most prevalent field of study (34.8%). In the field of study of theory, nursing theory was the largest with eight (34.8%), and in the method of theory utilization, all 22 studies were theoretical applications 3 middle-range theories were most prevalent. In the keyword classification using meta-paradigm in nursing, we found 83 key words. Among them, ‘Health’ related key words were most frequent (53), followed by ‘Cancer’ keywords (13). CONCLUSION: AON has a high ratio of theoretical study compared to other journals, but the ratio is still less than 10%, which is still weak. Therefore, it is believed that the attention to, utilization of, application, and institutional establishment of nursing theory should be necessary.