QTL mapping for morphological and physiological traits in RILs of spring wheat population of WH1021 × WH711

Aim: To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with various morphological and physiological traits. Methodology: A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) derived from cross of heat tolerant parent WH1021 with heat sensitive parent WH711 was used. For creation of heat stress delay in sowing (four weeks) was done in late sown from timely sown. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height along with physiological traits viz. photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) were recorded in both timely and late sown conditions over two years. Results: A linkage map consisting of 22 SSR was prepared covering eleven chromosome of wheat. Using the software WinQTL cartographer version 2.5, significant genomic regions associated with heat tolerance were observed on 2A, 2D, 4A and 5A chromosomes with composite interval mapping. QTLs for photosynthetic rate were found consistently for both years on chromosome 2D. In present study, significant variation was reported for days to heading and its QTLs were identified on chromosome 2A and 2D. Interpretation: The QTLs obtained for physiological and morphological traits in wheat can be used for marker-assisted selection for heat tolerance in wheat

Unusual K-wire migration.

The authors report a case of intra-abdominal migration of a Kirschner wire from the left hip to the right lobe of the liver in a 5-year-old child. The wire was used for stabilization of the left hip after open reduction for neglected unreduced congenital dislocation of the left hip. The migrated wire was removed by laparotomy. Surprisingly, no injury was noted to any intervening abdominal structure intra-operatively. This unusual migration of a Kirschner wire into a child's liver has not been reported previously.

Evaluation of myelography and computed tomography in clinically diagnosed patients of lumbar disc herniation.

Forty patients with dinical diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation were evaluated with myelography and CT scan. Myelography diagnosed lumbar disc hemiation at 59 levels in 40 patients, while CT diagnosed disc hemiation at 64 levels. Lumbar disc hemiation was confirmed peroperatively in 30 out of 40 patients at 48 levels. Myelography correctly diagnosed 43 levels out of 48 levels and thus had a sensitivity of 89.6 per cent. CT diagnosed all the 48 levels correctly with a sensitivity of 100 per cent. Thus CT is super to conventional myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. However, conventional myelography supplements CT examination by limiting the number of scans to the level of interest and thus reduces radiation exposure.

Comparative study of ketoconazole versus selenium sulphide shampoo in pityriasis versicolor.

Forty patients suffering from pityriasis versicolor were treated with either 2% ketoconazole shampoo (20 patients) or 2.5% selenium sulphide shampoo (20 patients), once a week for three weeks. On global assessment after one month of start of therapy, 19 (95%) out of 20 patients treated with ketoconazole shampoo were cured while one case had mild residual disease. In selenium sulphide shampoo group, 17 (85%) out of 20 patients were cured, one had mild residual disease and two had considerable residual disease. No significant difference was observed in the response rates in the two groups. Relapse occurred in one patient of ketoconazole group and two patients of selenium sulphide group during the follow-up period of three months.

External fixator in the management of trochanteric fractures in high risk geriatric patients--a friend to the elderly.

The best treatment option for trochanteric fracture in a geriatric high risk patient with all associated medical and surgical problems remains debatable. Conservative methods of treatment are associated with dangerous complications of prolonged recumbency while open reduction and internal fixation under anaesthesia significantly increases the mortality and morbidity rates. We treated 110 elderly patients who were unfit or high risk cases for anaesthesia and major surgery for internal fixation due to associated medical and surgical conditions, by external fixation under local anaesthesia. The average age was 65 years and mean follow up was 18 months. 83.3% were ambulatory with support and 97.2% were able to manage activities of daily living at the time of discharge. At 18 months post surgery, 74% were ambulatory with a stick or better. The fracture united in an average of 16.4 weeks. Overall satisfaction rate was 80% at end follow up. The mortality rates were comparable to series of open reduction and internal fixation. Pin tract infection and knee stiffness were the major complications. External fixation done under local anaesthesia offers advantages in the form of a quick, simple relatively inexpensive procedure with negligible blood loss, preserves fracture haematoma, can be easily removed as an out patient procedure, besides it provides earliest possible ambulation and day care to the elderly high risk patient.

Leeds procedure--a treatment modality for scoliosis.

The present study comprises of forty patients of scoliosis in growing age group (10-25 years) with Cobbs angles ranging from 52"-98". They were treated with Leeds procedure which is by anterior loosening followed by Posterior Harrington fixation + Luque derotation + Fusion and Costoplasty. Majority of the curves were thoracic (60%), and right sided (72%). Average correction of the deformity after surgery was 45%. Satisfaction level of patients and parents was good in 60% of the cases. The modality of treatment was decided on the basis of personality of each case, its demand and requirement, time of presentation and the potential for increasing severity. Anterior spinal surgery for scoliosis is an effective procedure in hands of experienced surgeons and it reduces stiffness of the curve, shorten the anterior column, decreases thoracic lordosis which leads to some improvement of pulmonary function. But there is greater risk of damage to vital structures with higher risks of cardiorespiratory failure. The potential risks have to be balanced with the expected rewards. The optimum method of correction has to be decided by careful preoperative evaluation. Combined procedure of anterior and posterior surgery causes lesser decrease in pulmonary functions than costoplasty alone, and achieving better cosmetic correction. This study reaffirms the role of anterior spinal surgery in India as the patients due to lower levels of health awareness present late and with severe deformities.

Cubitus varus--correction by distraction osteogenesis.

Cubitus varus deformity in thirty children was corrected by gradual medial opening wedge osteotomy. The osteotomy was stabilized and distracted by simple external fixator-cum-distractor. The patients of both sexes and age from 6 to 14 years, had varus deformity from 17 degrees to 43 degrees. We achieved good to excellent results in 28 cases as regards to correction of deformity and range of motion at elbow joint. None of the cases had neurological deficit or permanent stiffness. One case had fair result due to under-correction and another case had a poor result as osteotomy united before correction. The main complication faced was superficial pin-site infection particularly in summer season and a in fatty children but was managed by good pinsite dressing and care. The technique has been found to be quite effective, technically simple, cosmetically acceptable and with little, if any, lazy S deformity.

Functional restoration by excision arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis--a report of 35 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long term functional results of excision arthroplasty in treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes 35 patients of TMJ ankylosis who were treated by excision arthroplasty and followed for a maximum period of eight years after surgery. Past trauma was documented as a major etiological factor in 63% cases. Fibrous ankylosis & unilateral involvement was found to be more common. Peroperatively a gap of 1 1/2 to 2 cm was created. The results were assessed according to a criteria based on inter-incial month opening, deviation of jaw and complications. They were satisfactory in 29 cases and there were 3 recurrences. CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma is a major cause of TMJ ankylosis in India. Long term results of excision arthroplasty are satisfactory & comparable to other surgical modalities that are in vogue, provided the patients are operated when young, the ankylosis is in early stage, gap created is adequate and post operative exercise regimen is followed diligently.

Synovial hemangioma--a case report.

True synovial based hemangiomas are rare lesions and should be differentiated from mass lesions especially pigmented villonodular synovitis. A case of 4 years old male child, presenting with recurrent painful swelling, is described in the present article. The differential diagnosis is also discussed.

Role of percutaneous bone marrow grafting in delayed unions, non-unions and poor regenerates.

The present study comprises of 72 patients of post traumatic delayed unions, established non-unions, poor regenerate in segmental bone transportation and limb lengthening procedure treated by percutaneous injections of autogenous bone marrow at the site of failed healing. The average follow up was 4 years. Bone union was achieved in 68 patients. Overall, 72.2% of the patients had an excellent result, 11.1% a good result, 11.1% a fair result and 5.5% a poor result or failure. These results with only 4 failures (5.5%) are encouraging and suggest that percutaneous autogenous bone marrow grafting is a simple, safe and useful technique in the treatment of delayed unions and non-unions. We believe that this technique of percutaneous autogenous bone marrow grafting can be a procedure of choice in those patients where Phemister or Forbes methods of bone grafting alone is required, especially in limbs with scarred and poor soft tissue coverage. This procedure can also be useful in iatrogenic delayed or non-unions which is the commonest cause of non-union in present era of enthusiastic fracture fixation.

Isolated traumatic rupture of the adductor longus muscle.

A rare case of traumatic rupture of Adductor longus muscle in a young Kabaddi player is presented. Excision of ruptured muscle mass was done. Maximum follow-up at eighteen months showed no disability.

Cervical spine injury: how easy to miss!

Acute injuries of the cervical spine are not uncommonly missed on the initial examination. In a study of 48 patients of acute injury of the cervical spine, the diagnosis was missed initially in 8 patients. The common reasons for missed diagnosis had been, head injury in 3 patients, polytrauma in 2, inadequate or improper radiologic examination in 2 and erroneous diagnosis in one case. Neurologic status was worsened in one patient because of delayed diagnosis.

Treatment of intractable spasticity in spinal cord injured patients.

Spasticity and flexor spasms can be most incapacitating in SCI victims. Muscle relaxants, physiotherapy and elimination of triggering factors must be tried before opting for peripheral surgery or alcohol block. The choice of alcohol block or peripheral surgery depends in whether damage to the spinal cord is complete or incomplete. Results of both the procedures are satisfactory in rightly chosen patients. Alcohol block is a simple, safe and effective method of treating spasticity in the patients of complete paraplegia. The effect is immediate and almost permanent. However, alcohol block is contra-indicated in the patients of incomplete paraplegia where peripheral surgery is a better choice.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the paraspinal region: a case report.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a very uncommon tumor. An extremely rare presentation of the tumor i.e. arising from the paraspinal region is being presented.

Myositis ossificans in tetanus. A rare complication.

Myositis ossificans developing as a complication of tetanus is very rare. There are only nine cases reported so far. We report here a case of a young female who developed myositis ossificans in both the elbow joints as a complication of severe tetanus.