TGF-ß1 and its association with clinicopathological features, proliferative activity and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study

Introduction: The prognostic value of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) in oral cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate TGF-ß1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and its association with clinicopathological data, tumor proliferative activity, and patients' prognosis. Methods: A total of 68 patients with histopathological diagnosis of OSCC were included, as well as 9 cases of normal oral mucosa for comparison purposes. The OSCC sample was categorized according to patients' outcomes in favorable prognosis (n=30) or unfavorable prognosis (n=38). Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-ß1 and Ki-67 were performed. The slides were semi-quantitatively and quantitatively evaluated for TGF-ß1 and Ki-67, respectively. Results: TGF-ß1 was significantly increased in OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa (<0.01). An inverse correlation was found between TGF-ß1 and Ki67 staining in OSCC (p=0.01). No association was found between TGF-ß1 expression and OSCC clinicopathological features, prognosis or survival. Conclusions: TGF-ß1 had no prognostic value and appears to maintain its suppressive role concerning cell proliferation. (AU)

Analysis of the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition Process on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Bmi-1, and their association with clinical parameters and with the degree of histopathological differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinomas. 65 squamous cell carcinoma samples were used for constructing a tissue microarray block, and then immunohistochemistry was performed for different markers. A semi-quantitative analysis of the amount of positive tumor cells was performed by two blind and calibrated observers (Kappa>0.75). The statistical Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the data. The correlation between variables was investigated by the Spearman test, and the significance level set at p<0.05. We observed higher expression of Bmi-1 in tumors located in the palate (p<0.0001). In addition, poorly differentiated tumors had a greater amount of Bmi-1 positive cells (p=0.0011). Regarding the other correlations between variables, no significant associations were detected. In conclusion, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas located in the palate have higher immunostaining of Bmi-1, which can characterize activation of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition process in these tumors.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a expressão imunoistoquímica de E-caderina, N-caderina e Bmi-1, com os parâmetros clínicos e o grau de diferenciação em carcinomas espinocelulares bucais. Sessenta e cinco amostras foram selecionadas para a construção de um bloco de microarranjo tecidual, e a técnica de imunoistoquímica foi realizada para os diferentes marcadores. Uma análise semi-quantitativa das células tumorais positivas foi realizada por dois observadores calibrados e cegos (Kappa>0.75). Os testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para a análise dos dados e a correlação entre as variáveis foi investigada com o teste de Spearman. O nível de significância foi determinado em p <0.05. Observamos maior expressão de Bmi-1 em tumores localizados em palato (p <0.0001). Além disso, tumores pobremente diferenciados apresentaram maior quantidade de células positivas para Bmi-1 (p=0.0011). Não encontramos outras correlações ou associações significativas. Em conclusão, carcinomas espinocelulares pobremente diferenciados e localizados no palato apresentam maior marcação imunoistoquímica de Bmi-1, o que pode caracterizar a ativação do processo de transição epitélio-mesênquima nesses tumores.

Effect of different presentations of resveratrol on cell proliferation and epitelial thickness of the oral mucosa of wistar rats

Introduction: Grape is one of the most important fruit crops across the world and can be consumed in different ways. There has been a growing interest in the role of antioxidants such as resveratrol, which can be found in grape skin, in oral and dental tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different presentations of resveratrol on cell proliferation and epithelial thickness of the oral mucosa of Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: water/control, red wine, grape juice, 12% alcoholic solution/ethanol and aqueous solution of resveratrol. Samples of palatal and tongue mucosa were collected for a histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) technique for quantification of cell proliferation. Results: As to epithelial thickness, both the tongue and the palate showed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the other groups, with greater decrease in the resveratrol and the wine groups. In the suprabasal layer of both the tongue and the palate epithelium, red wine reduced the rate of cell proliferation, while ethanol increased it. In the basal layer of the tongue epithelium, there was a statistically significant difference between the control, the grape juice and the resveratrol groups and the ethanol group, with increased cell proliferation in the ethanol group. Conclusions: Wine does not interfere in the physiological renewal of the basal layer of the buccal epithelium and exerts a protective action by reducing the cell proliferation rate of the suprabasal layer (AU)

Agreement between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses and completeness of oral biopsy forms

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the rate of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnoses and to report the frequency of completed forms for specimens that were subjected to histopathological examination and retrospectively examined. Data from 8,168 specimens submitted to histopathological examination were retrieved from the records. A total of 5,368 cases were included. Agreement was defined based on the definition of lesion nature according to its diagnostic category. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each diagnostic category. The highest rate of agreement was observed for periapical lesions (92.6%), followed by potentially malignant disorders (90.1%) and non-neoplastic proliferative disorders (89.3%). Low rates of histopathological confirmation of the clinical impression were observed for mesenchymal tumors (25.0%) and cysts (44.2%). Sensitivity values were > 0.70 for all lesions, except for cysts (0.51). Specificity was relatively high, ranging from 0.97 to 1.00. The frequency of incomplete biopsy forms ranged from 16.8% (malignant tumors of oral mucosal epithelium) to 51.0% (nonspecific inflammatory reaction). The most frequently completed biopsy forms corresponded to epithelial malignant tumors (83.2%) and glandular inflammation (72.3%). In conclusion, there was an acceptable level of agreement. The low level of completeness of biopsy forms indicates little awareness about the relevance of gathering detailed information during clinical examination.

A 10-year analysis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma profile in patients from public health centers in Uruguay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics and predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Uruguay. Medical records of patients with the diagnosis of primary OSCC treated between 2000 and 2010 in Uruguayan public hospitals were selected. Data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome were collected. Associations of independent variables with outcomes were assessed using Pearson chi-squared and Fisher's tests. Of 200 patients with OSCC, 79.4% were men (3.8:1 male:female ratio), with a mean age of 60.75 ± 11.26 years. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were reported by 85.3% and 63.5% of patients, respectively. The most commonly affected location was the tongue (42.5%), with lesions exhibiting ulcerous aspects in 87.9% of cases and pain at the time of diagnosis in 70.4% of cases. One hundred sixty-one (82.1%) patients had advanced-stage (III/IV) OSCC. Surgery was the most common treatment option, and the overall 5-year survival rate was 58.5%. Univariate analysis showed that the predictors of poor prognosis were clinical aspect, size, regional metastasis, clinical stage, and treatment. In Uruguay, OSCC is diagnosed late, which is associated with a low survival rate. Educational and preventive measures and investment to improve early diagnosis should be undertaken.

Differential diagnosis between oral fibroma and inflammatory hyperplasia: a proposal for histopathological criteria / Diagnóstico diferencial entre fibroma oral e hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória: uma proposta para critério histopatológico

Aim: The present study proposed histopathological criteria for thedifferential diagnosis between those pathological entities. Materialsand methods: Histological sections of lesions histopathologicallydiagnosed as Oral Fibroma (n=61) and Inflammatory Hyperplasia(n=75) and were submitted to different techniques (HematoxylinEosin;Masson Trichrome and Phosphomolybdic acid - Picrosirius red)to allow quantitative and qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysisof collagen density was based on sections stained by HematoxylinEosinand focused in the center and periphery of each lesion.Results: Wound and collagen fibers were more frequent and higher inOral Fibroma, while parallel fibers were more frequent in InflammatoryHyperplasia (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.05). The percentage of parallelcollagen fibers beneath the epithelium was 72.22% and 92.3% in OralFibroma and Inflammatory Hyperplasia, respectively (Mann Whitney Utest, p<0.05). The parallel collagen fibers in the center of the lesionwas found in 84.6% of Inflammatory Hyperplasia cases and wasabsent in 88.88% of Oral Fibroma. The central portion of Oral Fibromahad characteristically a dense and wound arrangement of collagenfibers. Conclusion: Oral Fibroma and Inflammatory Hyperplasia havedistinctive features that may be useful in routine histopathologicalanalysis, supporting the differential diagnosis.

Objetivos: O presente estudo propôs critérios histopatológicos para odiagnóstico diferencial entre as entidades patológicas. Materiais emétodos: Cortes histológicos de lesões diagnosticadasmicroscopicamente como Fibroma Oral (n=61) e Hiperplasia FibrosaInflamatória (n=75) foram submetidos a diferentes técnicas decoloração (Hematoxilina-eosina, Tricrômio de Masson e ÁcidoFosfomolibidico- Vermelho de Picrosírius) para permitir análisesquantitativa e qualitativa. A análise qualitativa da densidade docolágeno foi baseada nas lâminas coradas em Hematoxilina- eosinae observada no centro e periferia de cada lesão. Resultados: Fibrascolágenas enoveladas eram mais frequentes e mais densas noFibroma Oral, enquanto as fibras paralelas e ram observadas naHiperplasia Fibrosa Inflamatória (teste exato de Fisher, p<0,05). Nocentro da lesão, fibras colágenas paralelas foram encontradas em84,6% dos casos de Hiperplasias Fibrosas Inflamatórias e ausentesem 88,88% dos Fibromas Orais. A porção central do Fibroma Oral eracaracterizado por um arranjo denso e frouxo das fibras colágenas.Conclusão: o Fibroma Oral e a Hiperplasia Fibrosa Inflamatóriapossuem características bem distintas que pode ser útil na rotina daanálise histopatológica, auxiliando no diagnóstico diferencial.

Expression of the cell cycle regulation proteins p53 and p21WAF1 in different types of non-dysplastic leukoplakias

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the immunolabeling of two cell cycle protein regulators, p53 and p21WAF1, in non-dysplastic leukoplakias with different epithelial alterations: acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis combined with hyperkeratosis, and compare them with dysplastic leukoplakias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study involving 36 patients with oral homogeneous leukoplakias. excisional biopsies were performed and the patients remain under clinical follow-up. The leukoplakias were divided into four groups: 6 acanthosis, 9 hyperkeratosis, 10 acanthosis combined with hyperkeratosis, and 11 epithelial dysplasias. Paraffin-embebeded sections were immunostained for p53 and p21WAF1. Five hundred cells from the basal layer and 500 from the parabasal layer were counted to determine the percentage of positive cells. A qualitative analysis was also carried out to determine the presence or absence of immunohistochemical staining in the intermediate and superficial layers. Groups were compared with ANOVA (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test for associations between the two markers, p53 and p21WAF1. RESULTS: No leukoplakia recurred and no malignant transformation was observed whitin a follow-up period of 3-6 years. The mean percentage of p53 staining in the basal and parabasal layers was similar in all groups. p21WAF1 staining differed between layers was as follows: in the basal, only 3 to 4% of cells were stained, while in the parabasal, between 16 and 28% of the epithelial cells were stained in the four different studied groups with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings failed to differentiate the non-dysplastic lesions by means of p53 and p21WAF1 immunostaining, notwithstanding similar profiles between non-dysplastic and dysplastic leukoplakias were observed.

A 10-year study of specimens submitted to oral pathology laboratory analysis: lesion occurrence and demographic features

The purpose of the present paper was to describe the range of lesions histologically diagnosed in an oral pathology laboratory in southern Brazil. A retrospective study of 8,168 specimen analyses recorded between 1995 and 2004 was conducted. The records were retrieved from the Oral Pathology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. A total of 6,831 valid cases (83.63%) were examined. Of these, inflammatory lesions were the most common occurrences (n = 4,320; 63.24%). Benign and malignant tumors accounted for 7.66% (n = 523) and 1.9% (n = 130) of the occurrences, respectively. Significant associations were observed between nonneoplastic proliferative disorders and benign mesenchymal tumors in females, and between squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia in males. Most diagnoses were benign in nature and had an inflammatory etiology. The association of some demographic characteristics with the occurrence of lesions suggests that these characteristics should be considered in performing differential diagnoses.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: decline in clinical stage at the time of diagnosis in a reference hospital in southern Brazil

Objective: Developing countries have a high incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption; socioeconomic status and oral health may be associated with etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographicprofile and oral health of patients with primary HNSCC, as well as the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. Material and Methods: We evaluated 78 patients; data about sex, age, skin color, schooling, oral hygiene, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status were collected using a structured questionnaire. An intraoral examination provided dataabout caries, missing teeth and dental prosthesis. Hospital records were reviewed to collect clinical tumor information. Results: Mean age was 57.6 years; most participants were male,white, former or current smokers and moderate or high consumption of alcoholic beverages with low socioeconomic and educational levels. The majority of patients were disease-free at 2 year-follow up. Classification showed 60.2% of the tumors as T1 and T2 and 59% had no regional involvement. Most tumors were found in the mouth, and the tongue was the most frequent site. Histopathological examination revealed that 57.7% of the tumors were classified as moderateand poor prognosis. Conclusion: The profile of patients with HNSCC was similar to that found in other populations, but there is a decline in clinical stage at the time of diagnosis, and detecting this tumor at an early stage can be an effective mean to determine a better prognosis for patients

Definição do grupo de risco para leucoplasias bucais: estudo retrospectivo entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 / Definition of risk group for oral leukoplakia: retrospective study between the years 1999 and 2009

Objetivo: Definir o perfil do grupo de risco para leucoplasias bucais a partir do banco de dados dos casos diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1999 a 2009. Metodologia: O estudo foi baseado nas fichas de biópsia do arquivo do Laboratório de Patologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados dos 177 casos foram tabulados no programa SPSS 14.0®; realizou-se a análise descritiva e aplicou-se o teste estatístico qui-quadrado (x²) com nível de significância de 5%, a fim de se verificar possíveis relações estatísticas entre as variáveis. Resultados: Ao correlacionar a variável localização anatômica e diagnóstico histopatológico e localização anatômica e idade, obteve-se significância estatística. A maior prevalência das lesões encontra-se entre a quinta e a sexta décadas de vida. Conclusão: O grupo de risco para leucoplasias está entre a quinta e sexta décadas de vida, localizadas na gengiva inserida, e a característica histológica mais encontrada foi de hiperplasia epitelial com hiperceratose.

Displasia fibrosa monostótica: um desafio terapêutico / Monostotic fibrous Dyspalsia: a therapeutic challenge

A displasia fibrosa monostótica é uma condição benigna que se caracteriza pela proliferação e substituição do tecido ósseo por tecido fibroso. Essa doença geralmente inicia-se na infância e progride até a puberdade e adolescência. Relata-se um caso de Displasia Fibrosa Monostótica em um paciente de 15 anos de idade, com aumento de volume assintomático no lado esquerdo do corpo da mandibular que foi tratado cirurgicamente. Por meio de revisão de literatura procurou-se estabelecer critérios de diagnóstico, planejamento e tratamento cirúrgico que norteassem a exérese da displasia fibrosa monostótica nos ossos maxilares.

Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous developmental anomaly where only one bone is involved. This disease usually begins in childhood and progresses throughout puberty and adolescence. The present case is a 15 years-old male patient. The patient was concerned about asymptomatic swelling in his left mandible body. The literature review was used to establish diagnostic criteria, planning and treatment in order to guide the monostotic fibrous dysplasia exeresis in the jaws.

Potencial de recidiva do ameloblastoma: relato de caso / Potential recurrence of ameloblastoma: a case report

Os tumores odontogênicos são lesões complexas, que se originam do epitélio, mesênquima ou ambos, que também fazem parte do mecanismo biológico de formação dos dentes e estruturas peri-orais. dessa forma, pode-se classificar o ameloblastoma como um tumor de origem odontogênica epitelial, que classicamente se apresenta com crescimento lento, infiltrativo e expansivo, com capacidade localmente invasiva - inclusive para os tecidos moles. Relata-se um caso clínico, de ameloblastoma, que recidivou quatro vezes em um periodo de 30 anos. Objetivamos demonstrar o potencial de recidiva do ameloblastoma frente a diferentes tipos de tratamento, ressaltando-se a importancia das caracteristicas morfológicas desse tumor para um correto diagnóstico e plano de tratamento...

Odontogenic tumors are cpmplex lesions orginating in the epithelium, mesenchyme or both, which are also part of the biological mechanism of the formation of teeth and perioral structures. Ameloblastoma can thus be classified as a tumor of epithelial odontogenic origin that classically presents a slow, infiltrative and expansive pattern of growth, with a locally aggressive capacity, even for the soft tissues. A clinical case of ameloblastoma is reported that relapsed four times over a period of 30 anos. The author's intention is to demonstrate the potential of ameloblastoma to relapse in the face to different forms of treatment, emphasizing the importance of the morphological characteristics of this tumor for a correct diagnosis and a plan of treatment...

Effect of betamethasone on the pulp after topical application to the dentin of rat teeth: vascular aspects of the inflammation

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the pulpal effect of topically applied betamethasone to the dentin of rat molars in the vascular phase of inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Deep cavities were prepared on the occlusal face of the maxillary right and left 1st molars with non-refrigerated inverted-cone steel burs at low speed. Three groups were formed: Group I was composed of right 1st molars; Group II was composed of left 1st molars that received the application of a drop of betamethasone on dentin surface for 5 min; and Group III (control) was composed of right 2nd molars that received no cavity preparation or betamethasone application. Changes in the vascular characteristics of the pulp tissue were checked by calculating the pulp vascular area in relation to its total area and the number of blood vessels per unit area. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). RESULTS: Group I presented a significantly larger number of vessels (p<0.05) than Group II. Regarding the vascular/total area ratio ( percent), Group I presented statistically significantly higher values (p=0.01) than Groups II and III. CONCLUSION: Betamethasone applied on the dentin of rat teeth proved to reduce the vascular phase of pulp inflammation regarding vessel diameter and number of blood vessels.

Oral ulceration with bonesequestration: case report / Ulceração bucal com sequestro ósseo: relato de caso

This report describes the case of a 38-year-old male patient that presented bilateral ulcerations with bone necrosis in the mandibular lingual area at the level of the mylohyoid ridge for 30 days. The patient reported discrete pain and eventually bleeding. Occlusal radiograph showed bilateral bone exostoses in the lingual mandibular cortical bone. Oral ulceration with bone sequestration diagnosis was based on clinical examinationand on oclusal radiograph. The patient was treated with antibiotics, 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth washes and removal of bone sequestrations. At clinical follow-up at 60 days, it was observed that the region was completely healed. The patient had bruxism, which was diagnosed based on the examination of wear on the surfaces of anterior incisors and on family reports. For this reason, he was referred to a clinical dentist for treatment with an occlusal splint. This is a rare lesion and the recognition of its characteristics is important for an accurate diagnosis and adequate clinical management.

Este estudo relata o caso de um paciente do gênero masculino, 38 anos de idade, que apresentava úlceras bilaterais com necrose óssea na região lingual da mandíbula no nível da linha miloioidea há trinta dias. O paciente relatava dor discreta e sangramento eventual.A radiografia oclusal mostrava exostoses ósseas bilaterais na cortical óssea lingual da mandíbula. O diagnóstico de úlcera com sequestro ósseo baseou-se no exameclínico e na radiografia oclusal. O paciente foi tratado com antiobióticos, bochechos com clorexidina a 0,12%e remoção dos sequestros ósseos. Após sessenta dias, na consulta de proservação, observou-se que a região estava completamente cicatrizada. O paciente apresentava bruxismo, o qual foi diagnosticado pela observação de facetas de desgaste nos incisivos inferiores e por meio de entrevista com os familiares. Em razão disso,o paciente foi encaminhado para um clínico geral para que fosse realizado um tratamento com placa miorrelaxante. Essa lesão é rara e o reconhecimento de suas características é importante a fim de que se realize o diagnóstico preciso e o tratamento apropriado.

Álcool e câncer bucal: considerações sobre os mecanismos relacionados / Alcohol and oral cancer: comments on related mechanisms

O consumo de álcool é um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal; entretanto, os mecanismos envolvidos no dano gerado pelo álcool são parcialmente compreendidos. Determinadas concentrações de álcool causam aumento da permeabilidade da mucosa bucal, potencializando a penetração de carcinógenos. Além disso,é responsável por um aumento na proliferação epitelial, bem como pela modificação do seu processo de maturação.Outras alterações, como redução da capacidade de reparo de DNA, distúrbios do sistema imune e do estado nutricional podem contribuir na sua relação com o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal. O metabolismo do álcool aumenta a produção de radicais livres e diminui os mecanismos antioxidantes, levando ao estresse oxidativo. O polimorfismo genético das enzimas de degradação do álcool pode ser responsável pela diferença na sensibilidade individual. Algumas isoformas dessas enzimas permitem o acúmulo de metabólitos tóxicos como o acetadeído,que pode causar dano ao DNA ou a outras estruturas celulares. A partir de uma revisão de literatura, esse trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre os diferentes mecanismos da ação do álcool e a carcinogênese na cavidade oral.

Uso de anfotericina B como antifúngico no meio de cultura para células pulpares humanas / Use of amphotericin B as antifungal agent in a culture medium for human dental pulp cells

Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de células da polpa, de terceiros molares humanos, cultivadas na presença ou ausência de um antifúngico (anfotericina B). Metodologia: As células pulpares foram obtidas de seis terceiros molares inclusos, após extração por motivos ortodônticos. A polpa foi cortada em fragmentos e estes foram incubados a 37ºC, por 60 minutos, em solução tampão contendo 0,2% de colagenase. A suspensão de células foi dividida em 2 tubos e centrifugada, sendo um pellet ressuspenso em meio - DMEM suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino, 100 unidades/mL de penicilina, 100μg/mL de estreptomicina, 0,45μg/mL de gentamicina e 3,7mg/L HEPES, e o outro ressuspenso no mesmo meio, porém contendo 2,5μg/mL de anfotericina B. As células foram semeadas em placas de cultura plásticas e incubadas em atmosfera 5% de CO2/95% de ar a 37ºC. Resultados: Dos seis dentes testados, dois não apresentaram crescimento celular em qualquer dos meios testados. Nos demais quatro dentes, houve crescimento celular em ambos meios, sendo este mais proeminente no meio sem anfotericina B. Conclusão: Apesar da anfotericina B ser importante para a prevenção de contaminações por fungos, concluiu-se que esta dificulta o estabelecimento de células pulpares humanas em cultura.

Purpose: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the behavior (survival and proliferation) of human third molar pulp cells cultivated in the presence or absence of amphotericin B.Methods: The cells were obtained from six impacted third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The pulp was minced into pieces, which were incubated at 37ºC for 60 minutes in buffer containing 0.2% collagenase. The cell suspension was divided into two tubes, centrifuged, and resuspensed in DMEM medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100μg/mL streptomycin, 0.45μg/mL gentamincin, and 3.7mg/L HEPES with or without 2.5μg/mL of amphotericin B. The cells were plated in plastic culture dishes and incubated with 5% CO2/95% air at 37ºC. Results: Two out of the six tooth samples did not growth at any of the tested media. The other four samples growth in both media. The growth was more effective in the medium without amphotericin B. Conclusions: Although amphotericin B may prevent fungal contamination, it was concluded that amphotericin B may difficult the culture of human pulp cells.

Comparação da morfologia de terceiros molares superiores por meio de radiografia panorâmica e pós-exodontia / Comparasion of the morphology of upper third molars through panoramic radiography and after extraction

O uso de radiografias panorâmicas é cada vez mais aceito e rotineiro no dia a dia do cirurgião dentista. Esta também vem sendo muito usada para o planejamento cirúrgico de exodontias de terceiros molares. Porém, alguns trabalhos colocaram em discussão a fidelidade deste exame em detectar pequenas alterações anatômicas e a possibilidade de distorção de imagem do exame. Neste trabalho analisamos 27 dentes extraídos com seus respectivos exames radiográficos panorâmicos prévios à exodontia. Foi detectado que houve diferença significativa no que tange ao critério de número de raízes avaliado no exame radiográfico e no elemento extraído e também no que diz respeito à dilaceração radicular verificada neste exame e no dente.

Panoramic radiography is actually one of the most used imaginologic exams in clinical dentistry. It is also very used for surgical planning of third molars extraction. However, some papers raise some discussion about the accuracy of this exam in detecting small anatomic changes and the possibility of distortion of the image. In this paper, 27 dental elements (all upper third molars) that were extracted were analyzed, and comparison between the real aspect of the root morphology of the teeth that were extracted and the number of roots with the respective image on the panoramic radiography were performed. Significant differences were detected between these two observations in the number of roots and root dilaceration.

Bone tissue microscopic findings related to the use of diode laser (830etam) in ovine mandible submitted to distraction osteogenesis

PURPOSE: To analyze the microscopic characteristics of the effect of Gallium-Aluminum Arsenid diode laser (GaAlAs - 830etam) applied during the activation and consolidation period to ovine mandibles submitted to distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Eighteen sheep underwent surgery in order to have bone distractors implanted in the left side of the jaw area. They were divided into three groups: 1 - Control; 2 - Laser irradiation during the activation period; 3 - Laser irradiation during the fixation period. The irradiation was carried out in five sessions, on every other day, with 4,0J/cm² doses applied to four pre-established areas, totaling 16J per session. After four days of latency under post-operative care, ten days of distractor activation (at 1mm/day) and twenty-one days of fixation the animals were sacrificed and the devices removed for microscopic analysis. RESULTS: The groups that received laser irradiation (GaAlAs) presented a greater amount of mineralized bone trabeculae when compared to the Control Group. Despite that, cartilaginous tissues were also found in Group 2. CONCLUSION: The laser has been more favorable when used in the consolidation period, after bone elongation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características microscópicas do efeito do laser diodo de Arsenieto de Gálio-Alumínio (AsGaAl - 830etam), aplicado no período de ativação e consolidação de mandíbulas de ovelhas submetidas a distração osteogênica. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ovinos foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico para colocação de distrator ósseo em região de mandíbula do lado esquerdo, sendo divididos em três grupos: 1 - Controle; 2 - Irradiação de laser no período de ativação; 3 - Irradiação de laser no período de contenção. As irradiações foram feitas em cinco seções em dias alternados, com doses de 4,0J/cm² em quatro pontos pré-determinados, somando 16J por seção. Após quatro dias de latência no pós-operatório, 10 dias de ativação do distrator (1 mm/dia) e 21 dias de contenção os animais foram mortos e as peças removidas para análise microscópica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram que os grupos irradiados com laser (AsGaAl) apresentaram maior disposição de trabéculas ósseas mineralizadas em relação ao grupo controle, contudo, no Grupo 2 foi observada a presença de tecido cartilaginoso. CONCLUSÃO: O laser atuou de forma mais favorável quando utilizado no período de consolidação, após o alongamento ósseo.

Squamous odontogenic tumor: with recurrence and 12 years of follow-up / Tumor odontogênico escamoso: com recidiva e doze anos de acompanhamento

O tumor odontogênico escamoso é uma neoplasia benigna rara que pode ser única ou múltipla. Os autores apresentam uma revisão das características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas do tumor odontogênico escamoso e relatam um caso de um paciente com recidiva com acompanhamento de doze anos e discutem os critérios de diagnóstico e abordagens terapêuticas.

Squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm and may affect multiple sites in the mouth. The authors review the clinical, radiographic and histopathological features of Squamous odontogenic tumor and report a case of a patient with recurrent Squamous odontogenic tumor and 12 years of followup and discuss diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.

Cirurgia parendodôntica: quando e como fazer / Parendodontic surgery: when and how to do

A cirurgia parendodôntica associada à endodontia é a opção de tratamento quando não se consegue eliminar o agente etiológico do processo inflamatório periapical de maneira conservadora, ou seja, pelo tratamento endodôntico, na busca do reparo. Entretanto, há uma diversidade de técnicas descritas, sendo difícil ao iniciante definir qual está indicada e quando. Nesta revisão de literatura foram encontrados vários métodos cirúrgicos de abordagem apical, com indicações distintas, sendo a apicetomia e a obturação retrógrada os mais visados para pesquisa. Apesar dos avanços nesta área, com inovações sendo introduzidas, como é o caso do Laser, várias são as causas de fracasso da cirurgia apical. Diante disto, propõe-se analisar os diferentes métodos descritos através de uma revisão literária, concluindo-se que todos são válidos desde que o objetivo proposto seja alcançado, ou seja: a remoção do agente causal.