Cutaneous adverse events to systemic antineoplastic therapies: a retrospective study in a public oncologic hospital

Abstract Background: Mucocutaneous adverse events are common during anticancer treatment, with variable consequences for the patient and their therapeutic regimen. Objective: To evaluate the most common adverse events, as well as the drugs associated with their appearance and the consequences for cancer treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out through the analysis of patients treated at the Clinical Dermatology Unit of a public oncologic hospital. Results: A total of 138 patients with 200 adverse events were evaluated. The most commonly identified adverse events were nail and periungual changes (20%), papulopustular eruptions (13%), acneiform eruptions (12%), hand-foot syndrome (6.5%), hand-foot skin reaction (6%), and xerosis (6%). The most frequently associated antineoplastic treatment groups were classical chemotherapy (46.2%), target therapy (32.3%), and other non-antineoplastic drugs used in neoplasia protocols (16.5%). Of the total number of patients, 17.4% had their treatment suspended or changed due to a dermatological adverse event. Study limitations: Retrospective study and analysis of patients who were referred for specialized dermatological examination only, not allowing the assessment of the actual incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: A wide variety of dermatological manifestations are secondary to antineoplastic treatment with several different drugs resulting, not rarely, in the interruption or modification of therapeutic regimens.

Estudo epidemiológico de disfonias em crianças de 4 a 12 anos / Epidemiological study of dysphonia in 4-12 year-old children

Estudos sobre disfonias infantis apontam incidência entre 4,4 a 30,3 por cento das crianças. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de disfonia em crianças, baseando-se nos julgamentos dos pais, nas ava-liações vocais perceptivas e acústicas, analisar sintomas associados, fatores de risco e achados vide-olaringoscópicos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Os pais de 2.000 crianças responderam questionário sobre qualidade vocal do filho. As crianças foram submetidas às avaliações vocais perceptiva, acústicas e videolaringoscopias. RESULTADOS: Participaram 1.007 meninos e 993 meninas. Sintomas esporádicos foram reportados por 206 pais e permanentes, por 123. Na avaliação perceptiva, o parâmetro G (Grau de disfonia) recebeu escore 0 em 694 vozes, 1 em 1065 e 2 em 228. Houve diminuição de f0 com a idade e os demais parâmetros acústicos mostraram-se mais elevados nas crianças com escore de G em 2. Nas videolaringoscopias, destacaram-se nódulos, espessamentos e inflamação. CONCLUSÕES: O julgamento dos pais indicou prevalência de disfonia em 6,15 por cento, e as análises perceptivas em 11,4 por cento. Os sintomas vocais relacionaram-se à sobrecarga fonatória. Quadros nasossinusais, abuso vocal e ruído foram importantes fatores de risco. As análises acústicas mantiveram relação direta com as perceptivo-auditivas. Lesões laríngeas foram detectadas nas videolaringoscopias, destacando nódulos, espessamentos e inflamação.

Children dysphonia studies have reported an incidence of 4.4 to 30.3 percent. GOALS: To establish the prevalence of dysphonia in children, based on the opinion of the parents, acoustic and vocal-perceptual assessments, associated symptoms, risk factors and videolaryngoscopy findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parents from 2,000 children answered a questionnaire about the vocal quality of their children, and these children were submitted to perceptual vocal, acoustic and videolaryngoscopy assessments. RESULTS: We had 1,007 boys and 993 girls; sporadic symptoms were reported by 206 parents and permanent symptoms were reported by 123. In the perceptual assessment, the G parameter (degree of dysphonia) had a score of 0 in 694 voices; 1 in 1,065 and 2 in 228. There was f0 reduction with age and the remaining acoustic parameters were high in children with a G score of 2. Nodules, thickening and inflammation were the most common in the videolaryngoscopy exams. CONCLUSIONS: Parental judgment indicated a prevalence of dysphonia in 6.15 percent, and perceptual analysis yielded a value of 11.4 percent. Vocal symptoms were associated with a phonatory overload. sinonasal disorders, vocal abuse and noise were considered relevant risk factors. The acoustic analysis kept a direct association with the perceptual-auditory. Laryngeal lesions were found in the videolaryngoscopy exams, stressing nodules, thickening and inflammation.

Edema de Reinke: estudo da imunoexpressão da fibronectina, da laminina e do colágeno IV em 60 casos por meio de técnicas imunoistoquímicas / Reinkes'edema: immunoexpression study of fibronectin, laminin and colagen IV in 60 cases by imunohistochemical techniques

Edema de Reinke é doença crônica da laringe na qual a camada superficial da lâmina própria é expandida por muco espesso conferindo-lhe aspecto gelatinoso. Relaciona-se ao tabagismo e acomete, preferencialmente mulheres, as quais apresentam a voz mais grave. Suas características histológicas nem sempre conseguem diferenciá-lo das demais lesões benignas da laringe, havendo necessidade de técnicas histológicas adicionais. Objetivos: Estudar a imunoexpressão da fibronectina, do colágeno IV e da laminina no edema de Reinke por meio de técnicas imunoistoquímicas. Estudo prospectivo. Material e métodos: Blocos histológicos de 60 casos cirúrgicos de edema de Reinke foram resgatados, submetidos a novos cortes e às reações imunoistoquímicas para fibronectina, laminina e colágeno IV pelo método da Avidina Biotina Peroxidase. Todos os pacientes eram fumantes e adultos, sendo 50 mulheres e 10 homens. Resultados: As análises da imunoexpressão da fibronectina, do colágeno IV e da laminina foram mais expressivas no endotélio dos vasos (68,33 por cento, 76,66 por cento, 73,33 por cento, respectivamente), e menos relevantes na membrana basal (25,0 por cento, 5,0 por cento e 3,3 por cento, respectivamente). Conclusões: No edema de Reinke, a imunoexpressão da fibronectina, da laminina e do colágeno IV na membrana basal não apresentam relevância, havendo predomínio desses anticorpos no endotélio do vasos.

Reinke's edema is chronic laryngeal disease in which the superficial layer of the lamina propria is expanded by thick mucus, giving it a gelatin aspect. The disease is directly related to smoking and more frequent in women, who end up having a lower tone of voice. Its histological characteristics cannot always distinguish it from other benign lesions of the larynx for which additional histological techniques are necessary. AIM: to study the immunoexpression of fibronectin, collagen IV and laminin in Reinke's edema by immunohistochemical technique. Prospective study. Materials and methods: histological blocks of 60 cases of surgical Reinke's edema were saved, submitted to new cross-sections and to immunohistochemical reactions for fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV by the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase method. Fragments of five normal vocal folds were used as control, removed during autopsy. All patients were chronic smokers and adults- 50 women and 10 men. Results: the immunoexpression of fibronectin, collagen IV and laminin was more important in the endothelium of blood vessels (68.33 percent, 76.66 percent, 73.33 percent, respectively) and less relevant in the basement membrane (25.0 percent, 5.0 percent and 3.3 percent, respectively). Conclusions: the immunoexpression of fibronectin, laminin and of collagen IV in the basal membrane of Reinke's edema was not relevant, with a predominance of these antibodies in the endothelium of blood vessels.

Melanoma cutâneo com longo tempo de história clínica. Impacto na conduta e no prognóstico. Relato de caso / Skin melanoma with long time of clinical history. Impact on Conduct and prognosis. Case report

Há evidências que a frequência do melanoma esteja aumentando de forma universal.Embora mais frequente na pele, pode acometer as leptomeninges, conjuntiva e úvea, trato gastrointestinal e mucosas.Sinais de alerta para o diagnóstico do melanoma cutâneo são as mudanças de características de nevo pigmentado preexistente ou lesão névica aparecendo de novo.Os sinais de alerta são reunidos no acrônimo ABCDE, que deve ser de domínio da classe médica, independentemente da especialidade.Como evidenciado no presente relato, o atraso no diagnóstico do melanoma resulta em piora significativa do prognóstico.Indivíduos de pele negra e orientais são particularmente propensos a desenvolver melanoma lentiginoso acral, o mais comum das regiões palmoplantares e subungueais.