Nylon 6-cellulose composite hosted in a hypodermic needle:Biofluid extraction and analysis by ambient mass spectrometry in a single device / 药物分析学报

This study proposes a hypodermic needle(HN)as a sorbent holder and an electrospray(ESI)emitter,thus combining extraction and analysis in a single device.A novel nylon 6-cellulose(N6-Cel)composite sorbent is proposed to extract methadone from oral fluid samples.The cellulosic substrate provides the composite with high porosity,permitting the flow-through of the sample,while the polyamide con-tributes to the extraction of the analyte.The low price of the devices(considering the holder and the sorbent)contributes to the affordability of the method,and their small size allows easy transportation,opening the door to on-site extractions.Under the optimum conditions,the analyte can be determined by high-resolution ambient ionization mass spectrometry at a limit of detection(LOD)as low as 0.3 μg/L and precision(expressed as relative standard deviation,RSD)better than 9.3％.The trueness,expressed as relative recovery(RR),ranged from 90％to 109％.As high-resolution mass spectrometers are not available in many laboratories,the method was also adapted to low-resolution spectrometers.In this sense,the direct infusion of the eluates in a triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry provided an LOD of 2.2 μg/L.The RSD was better than 5.3％,and the RR ranged from 96％to 121％.

Asociación del gen ELMO1 (snp rs1345365) con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población mestiza Mexicana / Association of the ELMO1 gene (snp rs1345365) with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mexican mestizo population

El locus g.37190613 en 7p14.2-14.1 del gen ELMO1 presenta un polimorfismo el cual consiste en un cambio G>A(rs1345365). Esta variante, entre otras, de ELMO1, ha sido asociada con nefropatía diabética en diferentes poblaciones. En México son limitados los estudios de asociación de diabetes mellitus con genes candidatos. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la asociación del SNP rs1345365 del gen ELMO1 con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Para ello se analizaron 148 pacientes con DM2, 156 individuos sin diabetes pero con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y 269 personas sanas sin DM2. El polimorfismo se identificó por PASA (PCR AMPLIFICATION ALLELE SPECIFIC) y PAGE teñida con nitrato de plata. La asociación se estableció por diferentes modelos de epidemiología genética; el modelo dominante mostró una asociación positiva (p=0,0006) como factor protector y el para-dominante mostró al estado heterocigoto como factor de riesgo. En conclusión el estudio reveló la asociación del SNP rs1345365 del gen ELMO1 con DM2 en una población mestiza Mexicana.

The g.37190613 locus on 7p14.2-14.1 in the ELMO1 gene has a G>A polymorphism (SNP rs1345365) that has been associated with diabetic nephropathy in different populations. The genetic-association studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on the Mexican population are limited. The aim of this study was to estimate whether the polymorphism G>A of ELMO1 gene is associated with the development of DM2. We included 148 DM2 individuals, 156 individuals with cardiovascular risk factors without diabetes and 269 healthy proband without DM2. The polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification specific allele (PASA), PAGE and silver staining. The association was established by genetic epidemiological models; the dominant model showed a positive association (p=0.0006) as a protective factor, and the para-dominant model to heterozygous, as risk factor. In conclusion, this study revealed the association of the SNP rs1345365 of the ELMO1 gene in a Mexican population.

Reestenosis clínica en pacientes diabéticos con implante de stents liberadores de fármaco en lesiones de novo / Clinical restenosis in diabetic patients treated with drug eluting stents for de novo lesions

We evaluated immediate and mid-term clinical and angiographic results in diabetic patients with percutaneous coronary intervention with deployment of drug eluting stents. METHODS: Between November of 2004 and June of 2005 percutaneous coronary interventions were performed 860 with the deployment of 112 drug eluting stents to 42 diabetic patients. The mean of stents was 2.6 per patient, and the type of drug eluting stent was paclitaxel in 60% and sirolimus in 40%. The average of age was 51.2 +/- 9.6 years old. The gender was male in 25 (60%) of patients and female in 17 (40%). The indication of coronary angiography was unstable angina in 15 (35%) patients and stable angina in 27 (65%). There was history of anterior myocardial infarction in 20 (47%), inferior myocardial infarction in 8 (20%) and multiple vessel disease in 16 (38%). The stenosis severity of the lesion was 85.9% +/- 12.2% and the left ventricular function was (55 +/- 10). The hospital stay was 7 +/- 5.4 days. RESULTS: Both clinical and angiographic immediate success was 100%. The average follow was 7.6 +/- 3.3 months in 34 patients (80.9%). The target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 7.1%. (3 patients). Death, myocardial infarction or reinfarction (0%). COMPLICATIONS: One patient (2.3%) developed contrast induced nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of drug eluting stents (paclitaxel or sirolimus) in diabetic patients has a high rate of success with good angiographic and clinical results and with a low rate of complications or restenosis in this high risk group of patients.

Resultados de valvuloplastía mitral percutánea en pacientes mayores de 50 años y seguimiento a largo plazo / Long-term results of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in patients over 50 years old

Advanced age has been identified as a predictor factor for complications and poor outcome at Percutaneous Mitral Valvulotomy (PMV) with balloon, nevertheless this has been associated to the inadequate valvular anatomy, whereby the contribution of each factor needs to be determinate. OBJECTIVE: Describe the immediate and final outcome of PMV with Inoue balloon in patients over 50 years old and associate complications with age and Wilkins score. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and analytic study was performed with a data base of 430 patients. We included all the patients proceeding from the Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI Cardiology Hospital. From January 1996 to December 2005. RESULTS: We selected 137 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. We found a Mitral Valvular Area (MVA) before the PMV proceeding of 1.01 cm2 +/- 0.18 and 1.99 cm2 +/- 0.30 post PMV (P < 0.001), with pre procedure transmitral gradient of 14.3 +/- 3.18 mm Hg and of 4.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg post (P < 0.001). In 128 (93%) the immediate proceeding was considered successful. The Wilkins score was 8.41 +/- 1.31. The observed complications were present in 19 (13.8%), stroke in 3 (2.2%), tamponade in 3 (2.2%), conduction disorder in 5 (3.7%), severe mitral insufficiency in 7 (5.1%), residual interatrial communication in 1 (0.7%). A clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed in 113 (83%) MVA was > 1.5 cm2 in 113 at 70 [IBM1] months average, 1.1 to 1.49 cm2 in 14 (10.2%) and < 1 cm2 in 9 (7%). CONCLUSIONS: PMV with Inoue balloon in patients over 50 years old is a procedure with an immediate high successful index and of acceptable risk. We found a restenosis index of 27 (19%) after long follow-up 70 months average.