Motivos que levam mulheres e homens a buscar as unidades básicas de saúde / Razones que llevan a mujeres y hombres a buscar las unidades básicas de salud / Reasons that take women and men to seek the basic health units

Objetivo: identificar las razones que llevan a mujeres y hombres a buscar unidades básicas de salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado en ocho Estrategias de Salud de la Familia. Participaron 32 personas, siendo 16 mujeres y 16 hombres, entre el período de enero a abril de 2019. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para la recolección y Análisis de Contenido para el tratamiento. Resultados: hombres y mujeres creían que el sexo femenino busca más por su fragilidad. El hombre emergió como responsable del cuidado de sí mismo y de los demás, mostrando un posible cambio cultural. Conclusiones: se entiende que las razones y percepciones de los usuarios son importantes para evaluar, reorganizar y fortalecer los servicios.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar os motivos que levam mulheres e homens a buscarem as unidades básicas de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em oito Estratégias Saúde da Família. Participaram 32 pessoas, sendo 16 mulheres e 16 homens, entre o período de janeiro e abril de 2019. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta e Análise de Conteúdo para o tratamento. Resultados: homens e mulheres acreditavam que o sexo feminino procura mais em razão de sua fragilidade. O homem surgiu como responsável pelo cuidado de si e de outros, evidenciando uma possível mudança cultural. Conclusões: entende-se que os motivos e as percepções dos usuários são importantes para avaliar, reorganizar e fortalecer os serviços.(AU)

Objective: identify the reasons that lead women and men to seek basic health units. Method: descriptive, qualitative study, carried out in eight Family Health Strategies. 32 people participated, being 16 women and 16 men, between the period of January and April 2019. Semi-structured interviews were used for the collection and Content Analysis for the treatment. Results: men and women believed that the female sex seeks more because of its fragility. The man emerged as responsible for the care of himself and others, showing a possible cultural change. Conclusions: it is understood that the reasons and perceptions of users are important to evaluate, reorganize and strengthen services.(AU)

Neck circumference as a complementary measure to identify excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months / Circunferência do pescoço como medida complementar para identificar excesso de peso corporal em crianças de 13-24 meses de idade

To analyze the accuracy of neck circumference (NC) as a measure for assessing excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months of life, according to gender.Methods:this is a cross-sectional study comparing the neck circumferences in relation to body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures. The best cut-off point for identifying excess body weight was determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC curve), according to gender and age groups 13-15 months, 16-19 months and 20-24 months.Results:NC waspositively correlated (p<0.001) with body weight and BMI in both genders, and length in girls (p<0.001). Positive correlations were found between NC and BMI in the three age groups (13-15, 16-19 and 20-24 months) in both boys and girls. The NC cut-off points for boys were 23.6, 23.9 and 24.0 cm, and 23.4, 23.5 and 23.6 cm for girls, for the 1315, 16-19 and 20-24 age groups respectively.Conclusions:NC can be used to screen for excess body weight in children aged 13-24 months. However, further studies with a larger sample will be required in order to complement these results...

Analisar a correlação da circunferência do pescoço (CP) com medidas antropométricas em crianças de 13-24 meses de vida, de acordo com o sexo.Métodos:estudo de corte seccional comparando as medidas de circunferência do pescoço em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e outras medidas antropométricas. Construiu-se a curva Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) de forma a avaliar o melhor ponto de corte para identificar excesso de peso corporal segundo o sexo e os grupos etários 1315, 16-19 e 20-24 meses.Resultados:a CP foi positivamente correlacionada ao peso corporal e ao IMC em ambos os sexos (p<0,001), e ao comprimento no sexo feminino (p<0,001). O IMC foi positivamente correlacionado (p<0,05) com a CP nos três grupos etários (13-15, 16-19 e 20-24 meses) investigados e em ambos os sexos. Os valores dos pontos de corte da CP para os meninos foram 23,6; 23,9 e 24,0 cm, e para as meninas 23,4; 23,5 e 23,6 cm, respectivamente para os grupos etários 13-15, 16-19 e 20-24 meses.Conclusões:a CP pode ser utilizada para identificar excesso de peso em crianças de 13 a 24 meses de idade. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos com amostras maiores para complementar nossos resultados...

Outcomes of carotid artery stenting at a high-volume Brazilian interventional neuroradiology center

OBJECTIVES: Carotid artery stenting is an emerging revascularization alternative to carotid endarterectomy. However, guidelines have recommended carotid artery stenting only if the rate of periprocedural stroke or death is < 6% among symptomatic patients and < 3% among asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had undergone carotid artery stenting as a first-intention treatment. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent carotid artery stenting by our interventional neuroradiology team was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The primary endpoints were ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 days. The secondary endpoints included ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage, ipsilateral transient ischemic attack and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between the 1- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: A total of 200 consecutive patients were evaluated. The primary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral stroke (2.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 1.00), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (4.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.71). The secondary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral ischemic stroke (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral TIA (0.0% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (11.2% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, carotid artery stenting was similarly safe and effective when performed as a first-intention treatment in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The ...

Diagnóstico por imagem das fístulas arteriovenosas da região do seio cavernoso / Imaging diagnosis of dural and direct cavernous carotid fistulae

As fístulas arteriovenosas da região do seio cavernoso são lesões raras e difíceis de diagnosticar. Elas são classificadas em fístulas durais do seio cavernoso e fístulas carótido-cavernosas diretas. Apesar de apresentarem sintomas semelhantes, o diagnóstico preciso é importante, já que o tratamento é específico para cada uma delas. As alterações encontradas nos exames de imagem são muito semelhantes, tanto nas fístulas durais do seio cavernoso quanto nas fístulas carótido-cavernosas, contudo, é possível diferenciá-las. Dentre os exames de imagem disponíveis (ultrassonografia de órbita com Doppler, tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e angiografia com subtração digital), a angiografia é considerada padrão ouro para o diagnóstico e classificação das fístulas arteriovenosas da região do seio cavernoso. O objetivo deste ensaio é mostrar de modo didático a classificação e o aspecto por imagem das fístulas arteriovenosas do seio cavernoso.

Arteriovenous fistulae of the cavernous sinus are rare and difficult to diagnose. They are classified into dural cavernous sinus fistulae or direct carotid-cavernous fistulae. Despite the similarity of symptoms between both types, a precise diagnosis is essential since the treatment is specific for each type of fistula. Imaging findings are remarkably similar in both dural cavernous sinus fistulae and carotid-cavernous fistulae, but it is possible to differentiate one type from the other. Amongst the available imaging methods (Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography), angiography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistulae. The present essay is aimed at didactically presenting the classification and imaging findings of cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistulae.

Mechanical thrombectomy with solitaire stent retrieval for acute ischemic stroke in a Brazilian population

OBJECTIVE: Large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke is associated with low recanalization rates under intravenous thrombolysis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Solitaire AB stent in treating acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively evaluated. The neurological outcomes were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Time was recorded from the symptom onset to the recanalization and procedure time. Recanalization was assessed using the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were evaluated. The mean patient age was 65, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ranged from 7 to 28 (average 17±6.36) at presentation. The vessel occlusions occurred in the middle cerebral artery (61.9%), distal internal carotid artery (14.3%), tandem carotid occlusion (14.3%), and basilarartery (9.5%). Primary thrombectomy, rescue treatment and a bridging approach represented 66.6%, 28.6%, and 4.8% of the performed procedures, respectively. The mean time from symptom onset to recanalization was 356.5±107.8 minutes (range, 80-586 minutes). The mean procedure time was 60.4±58.8 minutes (range, 14-240 minutes). The overall recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores of 3 or 2b) was 90.4%, and the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate was 14.2%. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at discharge ranged from 0 to 25 (average 6.9±7). At three months, 61.9% of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, with an overall mortality rate of 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device appears to be safe and effective. Large randomized trials are necessary to confirm the benefits of this approach in acute ischemic stroke.

Achados de imagem e alternativas terapêuticas das malformações vasculares periféricas / Imaging findings and therapeutic alternatives for peripheral vascular malformations

As malformações vasculares periféricas compreendem um espectro de lesões que se tornam aparentes no decorrer da vida e podem ser encontradas em praticamente todo o corpo. São pouco comuns e frequentemente confundidas com o hemangioma infantil. Estas doenças são completamente distintas tanto em relação à história clínica como ao prognóstico e às formas de tratamento. Nestas lesões, a história evolutiva e as características do exame físico são de extrema importância para o adequado diagnóstico clinicorradiológico, que guiará a melhor alternativa terapêutica. As classificações mais recentes dividem as malformações vasculares periféricas levando em consideração o fluxo sanguíneo (alto e baixo) e os componentes vasculares envolvidos (arteriais, capilares, linfáticos e venosos). As malformações vasculares periféricas representam um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico, e exames complementares como tomografia computadorizada, ultrassonografia com Doppler e ressonância magnética, em conjunto com a história clínica, podem trazer informações quanto às características de fluxo e à extensão das lesões. Arteriografia e flebografia confirmam o diagnóstico, avaliam a sua extensão e orientam a decisão terapêutica. Malformações de baixo fluxo geralmente são tratadas por abordagem percutânea e injeção de agente esclerosante, enquanto para as malformações de alto fluxo o acesso é endovascular com uso de agentes embolizantes permanentes líquidos ou sólidos.

Peripheral vascular malformations represent a spectrum of lesions that appear through the lifetime and can be found in the whole body. Such lesions are uncommon and are frequently confounded with infantile hemangioma, a common benign neoplastic lesion. In the presence of such lesions, the correlation between the clinical and radiological findings is extremely important to achieve a correct diagnosis, which will guide the best therapeutic approach. The most recent classifications for peripheral vascular malformations are based on the blood flow (low or high) and on the main vascular components (arterial, capillary, lymphatic or venous). Peripheral vascular malformations represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and complementary methods such as computed tomography, Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, in association with clinical findings can provide information regarding blood flow characteristics and lesions extent. Arteriography and venography confirm the diagnosis, evaluate the lesions extent and guide the therapeutic decision making. Generally, low flow vascular malformations are percutaneously treated with sclerosing agents injection, while in high flow lesions the approach is endovascular, with permanent liquid or solid embolization agents.