Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Vitex gardineriana Schauer / Composición química, citotoxicidad y actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti de aceites esenciales de Vitex gardneriana Schauer

Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) popularly known as "jaramataia", is a shrub commonly found in caatinga biome located in Northeast Brazil. In folk medicine, its leaves have been used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed and identified by GC-MS and GC-FID and showing a total of 26 constituents (95.9%) being 2 monoterpenes (0.4%) and 24 sesquiterpenes (95.4%). The main constituents identified were cis-calamenene (29.7%), 6,9-guaiadiene (14.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.0%). The essential oil has been demonstrated high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 28.0 µg/mL). In the evaluation of the bioassay with Artemia salina the essential oil showed LC50 = 98.11 µg/mL. In addition, the essential oil did not show cytotoxicity (IC50 > 2.50 mg/mL) by the hemolysis assay.

Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) popularmente conocido como "jaramataia", es un arbusto que se encuentra comúnmente en el bioma de caatinga ubicado en el noreste de Brasil. En medicina popular, sus hojas se han utilizado como analgésicos y agentes antiinflamatorios. La composición química de los aceites esenciales de las hojas obtenidas por hidrodestilación fue analizada e identificada por GC-MS y GC-FID y mostrando un total de 26 constituyentes (95.9%) siendo 2 monoterpenos (0.4%) y 24 sesquiterpenos (95.4%). Los componentes principales fueron cis-calamenene (29.7%), 6,9-guaiadiene (14.5%) y caryophyllene oxide (14.0%). El aceite esencial ha demostrado una alta actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti (CL50 = 28.0 µg/mL). En la evaluación del bioensayo con Artemia salina, el aceite esencial demostró CL50 = 98.11 µg/mL. Además, el aceite esencial no mostró citotoxicidad (IC50 > 2.5 mg / mL) mediante el ensayo de hemólisis.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti of essential oil from Croton jacobinenesis Baill / Composición química y actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti de los aceites esenciales de Croton jacobinenesis Baill

The chemical composition of essential oils from leaves, stalks and inflorescences of Croton jacobinensis obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC-MS. E-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, viridiflorene, 8-cadinene were the main components in essential oils from plant parts. Essential oils of leaves, stalks, and inflorescences were tested at different concentrations against instar III larvae of Aedes aegypti and showed LC50 of 79.3, 117.2, 65.8 ug/ml, respectively.

La composición química de los aceites esenciales de las hojas, los tallos y las inflorescencias de Croton jacobinensis obtenidos por hidrodestilación se analizaron mediante GC-MS. E-cariofileno, alfa-pineno, 1,8-cineol, viridifloreno, 8-cadineno fueron los principales componentes de los aceites esenciales de partes de la planta. Los aceites esenciales de las hojas, tallos e inflorescencias fueron probados en diferentes concentraciones en contra de instar III de las larvas de Aedes aegypti y mostraron LC50 de 79,3; 117,2; 65,8 ug/ml, respectively.

Composição química volátil e não-volátil de Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth, Asteraceae

Este trabalho descreve a composição química dos óleos essenciais e o isolamento de onze substâncias de Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth, Asteraceae. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação, analisados por CG-EM e avaliados quanto às suas atividades frente à enzima acetilcolinesterase. O rendimento dos óleos foi de 0,11 por cento para as folhas e 0,03 por cento para os talos. Os principais constituintes dos óleos foram os sesquiterpenos β-cariofileno (24,9 e 22,2 por cento), espatulenol (17,7 e 12,4 por cento) e epóxi-allo-aromadendreno (23,0 e 23,6 por cento). Do extrato hexânico da parte aérea foi isolada a mistura de β-sitosterol e estigmasterol, incluindo suas formas glicosiladas, e os triterpenos acetato de taraxasterila e taraxasterol, enquanto, do extrato etanólico foram isolados os flavonóides nepetina and 3-O-glicosil-quercetina. Do extrato hexânico das raízes foram isolados os triterpenos epi-friedelanol e damara-20,24-dien-3β-ol e do extrato etanólico a cumarina 11-hidroxi-11,12-di-hidroobliquina. As estruturas de todos os compostos foram determinadas usando técnicas espectroscópica tais como IV, EM e RMN ¹H e 13C.

This work describes the chemical composition of the essential oils and the isolation of eleven substances from Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth, Asteraceae. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated towards the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The oils yield was of 0.11 percent for the leaves and 0.03 percent for the stems. The main constituents of the oils were the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (24.9 and 22.2 percent), spathulenol (17.7 and 12.4 percent) and epoxy-allo-aromadendrene (23.0 and 23.6 percent). From the hexane extract of the aerial part were isolated a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol, its glucosides, and the triterpenes taraxasteryl acetate and taraxasterol, while from the ethanol extract were obtained the flavonoids nepetin and 3-O-glucoside-quercetin. The triterpenes epi-friedelanol and dammara-20,24-dien-3β-ol were obtained from the hexane extract of roots, while the coumarin 11-hydroxy-11,12-di-hydroobliquine was obtained from the ethanol extract. The structures of all compounds were determinate based on spectroscopic methods such as IR, MS and ¹H and 13C NMR.

Obtenção de derivados da mistura triterpenoídica alfa- e beta-amirina / Obtention of derivatives from the alpha- and beta-amyrin triterpenoid mixture: 13C NMR data

Usando reações clássicas como esterificação e oxidação, uma série de derivados foi obtida a partir da mistura alfa- e beta-amirina, constituintes majoritários da resina de Protium heptaphyllum. Os compostos obtidos foram caracterizados por dados espectroscópicos como: IV, RMN de ¹H e de 13C e comparação com dados da literatura.

Using classic reactions such as esterification and oxidation, a series of derivatives was obtained from the alpha- and beta-amyrin mixture, major compounds of the Protium heptaphyllum resin. The obtained compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data such as: IR, ¹ H and 13C NMR and comparison with literature.