Temporal trend analysis of hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths due to female breast cancer in the state of Alagoas from 2009 to 2019: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a common neoplasm in women worldwide. Its varying patterns of incidence and clinical prognosis in Brazil make it an important and complex public health problem that needs to be solved. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the temporal dynamics of hospital admissions and deaths due to female breast cancer in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study including secondary data from hospital admissions and deaths due to female breast cancer in Alagoas. METHODS: A joinpoint regression model was constructed for temporal analysis of hospital admissions and deaths due to female breast cancer in Alagoas, over this period. The hospital information system of the Department of Informatics of the National Health System was used. RESULTS: There were 5,801 hospitalizations and 633 hospital deaths due to neoplasm in Alagoas over the period. The age group from 50 to 59 years old stood out, corresponding to 28.1% of hospitalizations and 31.1% of registered deaths. An increasing trend in the rate of hospital admissions was observed (average annual percentage change, AAPC = 14.0; P-value < 0.001), from 14.9/100,000 inhabitants in 2009 to 53.6 in 2019. There was a growth trend in the in-hospital mortality rate (AAPC = 19.8; P-value < 0.001), from 6.3% in 2009 to 11.0% in 2019. CONCLUSION: The results indicated an increasing trend of hospital admissions and mortality rates in the state of Alagoas, with a higher percentage of hospitalizations and deaths in the 50-59 age group.

O Ensino da Anamnese Assistido por Tecnologias Digitais durante a Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil / Digital Technology-Assisted Teaching of Anamnesis during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019, na China, surgiu o primeiro caso de infecção da Sars-CoV-2, causadora da Covid-19. Em março de 2020, após se alastrar pelos continentes, a Organização Mundial da Saúde conferiu característica de pandemia. Para tentar conter o avanço, foi criada a política de distanciamento social, responsável pela interrupção de inúmeras atividades, incluindo aulas presenciais. Assim, ampliou-se a busca por meios de ensino remoto, a fim de amenizar os prejuízos causados na educação. Nesse ínterim, a Universidade Federal de Alagoas propôs realizar a monitoria on-line como forma de promover interação entre estudantes e docentes na pandemia. Relato de Experiência: A construção do curso ocorreu de forma remota por meio de plataformas digitais, como Google Meets® e portal do serviço de conferência web da Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP). Foram 54 inscrições de alunos de Medicina, e 38 (70,3%) cumpriram os requisitos para certificação e finalizaram. Produziram-se 22 podcasts, hospedados nas plataformas Anchor® e Spotify®, além de seis formulários do Google® com questões acerca dos conteúdos dos podcasts. Utilizaram-se as plataformas Kahoot®, um jogo com questões para aumentar a interação e o Padlet®, um "mural virtual" no qual eram postados conteúdos do curso. Discussão: A implantação das novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Graduação Medicina (DCN) instigou nos estudantes autonomia no aprendizado, conferindo espaço para a inserção de tecnologias na educação. Apesar da insuficiência para sanar os prejuízos causados na educação pela pandemia, essas tecnologias conferem aos professores, aos alunos e às instituições de ensino a capacidade de adequação aos meios disponíveis para minimizar prejuízos. Conclusão: A monitoria on-line permitiu que, mesmo um assunto predominantemente prático como a anamnese, fosse discutido e praticado graças ao suporte tecnológico. Percebe-se, portanto, efetividade na utilização de tecnologias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem quando se utilizam plataformas interativas.

Abstract: Introduction: The first case of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, which caused COVID-19, occurred in China in December 2019. By March 2020, having spread across continents, the disease was officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In an attempt to contain the advance of infection, a policy of social distancing was introduced, which implied in the interruption of numerous activities, including face-to-face classes. Hence the demand for means of distance learning expanded in order to mitigate the harm caused in education. In the meantime, the Federal University of Alagoas proposed to carry out online monitoring as a way to promote student-teacher interaction during the pandemic. Experience Report: The course was constructed remotely on digital platforms, such as Google Meets® and National Teaching and Research Network (RNP) online video conference portal. Fifty-four medical students enrolled, of whom 38 (70.3%) met the certification requirements for certification and completed the course. Twenty-two podcasts were produced, hosted on the Anchor® and Spotify® platforms, in addition to six Google® forms with questions about the contents of the podcasts. Other resources used included Kahoot® platforms, a quiz to increase interaction, and Padlet®, a "virtual wall" for posting course content. Discussion: The implementation of the new National Curricular Guidelines for Undergraduate Medicine Courses (DCN) triggered greater student autonomy in learning, opening the way for the use of technologies in education. Although insufficient to remedy the damage caused in education by the pandemic, these technologies offer teachers, students and educational institutions the ability to adapt to available methods and minimize the harm. Conclusion: Online monitoring represents technological support that has allowed for even a predominantly practical subject, such as anamnesis, to be discussed and practiced. There is, therefore, demonstrable effectiveness in the use of technologies applied to the teaching-learning process, when using interactive platforms.