O envolvimento do pai na gestação do primeiro filho / Father's involvement during ihe gestation of the first child

A gestação é um período que possibilita ao pai vivenciar experiências desconhecidas, rever papéis e se adaptar a um novo ciclo. Sendo assim, este artigo tem por objetivo descrever de que forma o homem vivencia a gestação do seu primeiro filho além de conhecer como consideram seu papel enquanto pai durante a gestação. Participaram deste estudo qualitativo cinco pais em que as esposas estavam grávidas, distribuídos nos três trimestres gestacionais. Realizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada em que as respostas foram analisadas conforme análise de conteúdo Bardin (1977). Os resultados mostraram que os pais se envolvem de diversas formas com a gestante e o bebê, dispensando apoio material e emocional. Todavia, alguns não conseguem vivenciar com facilidade esta fase, o que nos indica que a gestação ainda é um período no qual os homens estão buscando novas formas de se inteirar e explorar, uma vez que não ocorre em seu próprio corpo.(AU)

Pregnancy gives the father the opportunity to experience the unknown, review his roles and to adapt himself to the new cycle that begins. Thus, this article aims to describe on how men experience the pregnancy of their first child besides finding out how they consider their roles as father during the period of gestation. Took part in this qualitative research five fathers in whose wives were pregnant, distributed on the three gestational trimesters. Was performed a semi-structured interview in which the answers were analyzed according to Bardin content analysis (1977). Results showed that men are involved in several ways with their pregnant woman and the baby, excluding material and emotional support. However , some of them still cannot overcome this period easily, which points to the fact that pregnancy is yet a time where men are seeking for new ways to learn about themselves and to explore it, as it does not take place in their own bodies.(AU)

Can Lutjanus purpureus (South red snapper) be "legally" considered a red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)?

Red snappers (Lutjanus purpureus in Brazil and Lutjanus campechanus in USA and Gulf of Mexico) are both under clear effect of overfishing. Because of their high morphological similarity it has already been suggested that they could possibly be considered as a single species. To investigate the degree of similarity and the genetic structure of red snapper populations we constructed a common dataset of partial D-loop mtDNA sequences of L. purpureus from Brazil (Amapá, Pará and Maranhão) and L. campechanus from the Atlantic coast of the USA (Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi). Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses surprisingly depicted high similarity between L. campechanus and L. purpureus, compatible with the hypothesis of a single species of red snapper for the Western Atlantic Ocean. These preliminary but very curious findings open an important discussion regarding the legislation involved on the capture of this overexploited fish resources as well as regarding their taxonomy.

Low levels of genetic diversity depicted from mitochondrial DNA sequences in a heavily exploited marine fish (Cynoscion acoupa, Sciaenidae) from the Northern coast of Brazil

The acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa - Sciaenidae) is a marine species of croaker with estuarine-dependent behavior, found in the western Atlantic from Panama to Argentina. It is one of the most exploited food fish on the northern coast of Brazil. In this study, DNA sequences were determined from the entire control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome of 297 individuals collected during seven different months between December 2003 and August 2005 on the northern coast of Brazil (Amapá and Pará). Genetic variability expressed by haplotype (h = 0,892) and nucleotide (pi = 0,003) diversities were low compared to other heavily exploited marine fish species from the western Atlantic and eastern Asia. AMOVA depicted a lack of genetic structuring among the samples from different years, indicating the presence of a single stock of C. acoupa within the sample area. The possible reasons for the low levels of genetic diversity are discussed. These results demonstrate a need for the monitoring of C. acoupa harvesting and the preservation of the estuaries within its geographic range, considering that this large fish depends on estuarine ecosystems during part of its life cycle.

Genetic differentiation of Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) populations in Atlantic coastal waters of South America as revealed by mtDNA analysis

The king weakfish (pescada-gó in Portuguese - Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), a demersal (bottom-feeding) species found in South America Atlantic coastal waters from the Gulf of Paria in Venezuela to Baia Blanca in Argentina, is an economically important species because of its abundance and wide acceptance by consumers. Because of its wide distribution this fish may be subject to geographic isolation and this may have resulted in distinct populations along its coastal range. Considering that this species represents an important economic resource, confirmation of whether M. ancylodon is a single species or there are different genetic stocks spread over its wide distribution would be an important contribution to conservation policies and population management of the king weakfish. To investigate differences between king weakfish populations we used the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes to characterize M. ancylodon specimens caught throughout its South American range from Venezuela to Argentina. Our results clearly distinguished two genetically different groups which show nucleotide divergence and genetic structuring patterns that strongly suggest they may be different species, disagreeing with the widely accepted traditional taxonomy that accepts only one species of Macrodon in the western Atlantic