Perfil epidemiológico de doadores de córnea no Piauí / Epidemiological profile of corner donors in Piauí

Resumo Objetivo: O estudo objetivou traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos doadores de córneas no Piauí através de buscas em prontuários. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, observacional, transversal e retrospectivo, que se propõe a avaliar dados obtidos de prontuários de 811 doadores de córneas do Banco de Olhos do Hospital Getúlio Vargas em Teresina-PI, no período de 1º de Janeiro de 2010 a 31 de Dezembro de 2016. Resultados: O trabalho mostrou um acréscimo do número de doadores ao longo do período de 2010 a 2014, porém decresceu ao longo do período de 2015 a 2016. Observou-se, também, o predomínio dos doadores do gênero masculino, da faixa etária entre 21 a 59 anos, de procedência do município de Teresina e no que diz respeito às causa mortis dos doadores, a maioria dos óbitos ocorreram por causas externas de morbidade e mortalidade (onde se incluem, principalmente, mortes violentas por acidentes automobilísticos, suicídios, ferimentos por arma branca ou de fogo) e a segunda maior causa foi representada por doenças do aparelho circulatório. Conclusão: Para o êxito desse processo é fundamental a conscientização da população sobre a importância e a necessidade das doações de órgãos e tecidos para o benefício de pacientes enfermos, salvando vidas ou reabilitando-os e, dessa forma, permitindo que estes indivíduos participem integralmente da vida social e de atividades econômicas habituais da maioria dos cidadãos. Portanto, é necessário investir em programas, treinamentos e, também ampliar o número de profissionais qualificados, desde a equipe de captação à equipe de transplantes, todos são de extrema importância para o aumento da captação de córneas.

Abstract Purpose: The study aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of donors of corneas in Piauí through searches in medical records. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study that aims to evaluate data obtained from medical records of 811 donors of corneas from the Getúlio Vargas Hospital in Teresina-PI, in the period of January 1, 2010 to 31 December 2016. Results: The study showed an increase in the number of donors over the period from 2010 to 2014, but decreased over the period from 2015 to 2016. There was also a predominance of male donors, aged between 21 and 59 years, from the city of Teresina and with regard to the donor's cause of death, the majority of deaths occurred due to external causes of morbidity and mortality (which include, mainly, violent deaths due to automobile accidents, suicides, stab wounds or fire) and the second largest cause was represented by diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusions: For the success of this process, it is essential to make the population aware of the importance and the need for organ and tissue donations for the benefit of sick patients, saving lives or rehabilitating them and, thus, allowing these individuals to participate fully in social life. and the usual economic activities of most citizens. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in programs, training and also to increase the number of qualified professionals, from the capture team to the transplant team, all of which are extremely important for the increase in corneal uptake.

Oral cancer knowledge and awareness among dental students

AIM: To assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate dental students about oral cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted based on a questionnaire containing 15 questions about prevention, clinical aspects, and attitudes towards oral cancer. One hundred-thirty-three undergraduate dental students between the second and fifth years were enrolled. The statistical significance was measured by Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a predominance of females (58.65%) and most students were between 20 and 30 years of age (75.19%). The risk factors for oral cancer mainly described by the students were smoking (92.48%) and drinking (84.21%). Squamous cell carcinoma was described as the most common type of oral cancer by 48.12% of the students. As much as 53.38% of the participants considered the tongue as the most affected anatomic region, 57.89% reported ulcers as the most frequent clinical aspect, and 44.36% attributed a firm and painless aspect to the regional metastatic lymph nodes. Most students reported regularly conducting a thorough examination of the oral cavity (81.95%). Two of the 15 variables showed differences between the students, according to the school time: previous head and neck carcinoma (Pearson's chi-square, p = 0.03) and guidance on the discontinuation of harmful habits (Pearson's chi-square, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Students have a good knowledge of the etiology of oral cancer and are apparently alert in their examinations. The clinical aspects of the oral carcinoma, however, are not so clear. The difference regarding knowledge and attitudes towards oral cancer was minimal when different undergraduate years were considered. It is necessary to implement the clinical suspicion of oral cancer throughout the undergraduate course to enable awareness and early diagnosis.

Orofacial and dental condition in leprosy

AIM: To verify the orofacial and dental complex in individuals affected by leprosy concerning lesions, prevalence of dental caries and biofilm storage. METHODS: This study was performed on 56 patients with leprosy: 28 under treatment and 28 treated for the disease. A clinical form was prepared to include demographic and leprosy data. The prevalence of caries was analyzed using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and oral hygiene was evaluated using the Plaque Control Record. The statistical significance was measured by chi-square and Student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.4 years, and there was predominance of males. The treatment group had more women (Pearson ÷2=12.47, p=0.0004) and younger patients (Pearson ÷2=9.688, p=0.0079) than the healed group. As much as 30.4% of patients had orofacial complaints related to the disease. The most often observed variations of normality as racial melanin pigmentation (67.8%) and lingual varices (32.1%), and lesions such as atrophy of the anterior nasal spine (25%), inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (17.8%), and collapse of the nasal bridge (14.3%). There were no specific oral lesions among leprosy patients. The mean DMFT was 20.8 and the Plaque Control Record was 70.2%. The treated group had higher DMFT than the treatment group (Student's t p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The oral health status of individuals with leprosy is poor, with high levels of plaque and DMFT. No oral lesions associated with the disease were seen.

Solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on bovine pulp and physico-chemical properties of resulting liquid / Ação solvente da solução de hipoclorito de sódio sobre o tecido pulpar bovino e as propriedades físico-quimica do líquido resultante

Estudou-se, in vitro, a ação solvente de quatro concentrações da solução de hipoclorito de sódio (0,5, 1,0, 2,5 e 5,0 por cento) sobre o tecido pulpar bovino, o teor de cloro residual, pH e a tensão superficial antes e após a dissolução. Um fragmento do tecido pulpar bovino era submerso na solução de hipoclorito de sódio que circulava em um aparato composto de uma bomba peristáltica e uma seringa Luer Lok e anotava-se o tempo até a total dissolução deste fragmento. De acordo com a metodologia empregada e com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: quanto maior a concentração da solução de hipoclorito de sódio maior a velocidade de dissolução do tecido pulpar, todas as soluções de hipoclorito de sódio apresentaram redução do pH e da tensão superficial após os testes de dissolução e as soluções de maior concentração apresentam menor consumo de cloro para a realização da dissolução tecidual

Estudo da anatomia interna dos incisivos centrais superiores humanos / Internal anatomy of human upper central incisors

Estudou-se a anatomia interna de 102 dentes incisivos centrais superiores humanos por meio do método da diafanizaçäo. Observou-se canal principal único em 100 por cento do casos. A abertura foraminal em forma de delta apical foi encontrada em 10,99 por cento dos casos. Canais colaterais em 1,10 por cento, canais recorrente em 1,08 por cento, canais laterais em 5,49 por cento e canais secundários em 12,58 por cento