Social and health indicators in an academic community: enteroparasites, nutritional, allergic and clinical aspects / Indicadores sociais e de saúde em uma comunidade acadêmica: enteroparasitos, aspectos nutricionais, alérgicos e clínicos

Objective: this study aimed to associate enteroparasitic infection with nutritional, allergic, and clinical repercussions and the sociodemographic aspects in an academic community in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: the cross-sectional research was carried out between February 2018 and March 2020, with 121 participants. Spontaneous sedimentation and Rugai techniques were used for the parasitological diagnosis of fecal samples. Allergies and clinical issues and the sociodemographic aspects were studied via a questionnaire, and the nutritional status was obtained from the assessment of body mass index and arm and abdominal circumferences. Results: there was 38.2% positivity for intestinal parasites; 65.9% for female participants; with the majority of eutrophic, between 18-27 years old; heteronormative, and single. Besides, the Endolimax nana (78.7%) and Giardia duodenalis (21.3%) were the predominant species. Statistical significance was found between obesity rates and the presence of intestinal parasites and those with allergic aspects. Nervousness, headache, and back and abdominal pains were the most common symptoms. Conclusions: this study contributes to obtaining data on epidemiological and public health surveys in the Bahian territory, providing a reference for other researchers. The statistical association of these with nutritional and allergic aspects can support future research on this population.

Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo associar a infecção enteroparasitária com aspectos nutricionais, alérgicos, clínicos e sociodemográficos em uma comunidade acadêmica do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brasil. Método: a pesquisa transversal foi realizada entre fevereiro de 2018 e março de 2020, com 121 participantes. As técnicas de sedimentação espontânea e Rugai foram utilizadas para o diagnóstico parasitológico de amostras fecais. Alergias, questões clínicas e aspectos sociodemográficos foram estudados por meio de um questionário, e o estado nutricional foi obtido por meio da avaliação do índice de massa corporal e das circunferências braquial e abdominal. Resultados: houve 38,2% de positividade para parasitos intestinais; 65,9% para participantes do sexo feminino; com a maioria eutrófica, entre 18-27 anos; heteronormativa e sigle. Além disso, Endolimax nana (78,7%) e Giardia duodenalis (21,3%) foram as espécies predominantes. Foi encontrada significância estatística entre as taxas de obesidade e presença de parasitos intestinais e com aspectos alérgicos. Nervosismo, dor de cabeça, dores nas costas e abdominais foram os sintomas mais comuns. Conclusões: este estudo contribui para a obtenção de dados sobre inquéritos epidemiológicos e de saúde pública no território baiano, servindo de referência para outras pesquisas. A associação estatística destes com aspectos nutricionais e alérgicos pode subsidiar futuras pesquisas nesta população.

Enteric parasites and socio-epidemiological variables in na academic community

Studies linking human health to environmental conditions are essential since parasitic diseases are connected to environmental and sanitary aspects. This study identified the prevalence of enteric parasites in an academic community in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. The purpose was to determine the existence, or not, of links between infections and socio-epidemiological variables, such as personal hygiene habits, the presence of sewage systems and the environment. Participants answered a questionnaire and received universal collectors for fecal samples. Spontaneous sedimentation methods and Rugai were used for diagnosis. One hundred twenty-one samples were analyzed, in which a 38.8% parasite prevalence was detected as well as a 61.7% rate of monoparasitism, as well as a predominance of protozoa Endolimax nana (78.7%) and Giardia duodenalis (21.3%). Among parasitized individuals, 97.9% lived in the Recôncavo Baiano region. The following statistical significance stands out in the findings, with p<0.05: individuals who had already bathed in the local river were more likely to be parasitized than those who had not (p = 0.034) and individuals who washed their hands more frequently before meals proved to be less prone to intestinal parasitic infections (p = 0.018). Results evidenced the presence of enteric parasites in a number of participants in spite of their being university students. The socio-epidemiological variables analyzed brought to light characteristics that favor the establishment of the epidemiological infection triad, such as improper packaging of household waste on disposal and no records of regular domestic water tank cleaning.

Relato de una estrategia lúdica educativa que promueve el control de insectos de importancia médica e interés en Salud Pública / Report of a ludic educational strategy that promotes the control of insects of medical importance and interest to public health

Introducción: Lugares sin baños y sin agua limpia, combinados con falta de higiene y bajo desarrollo económico, son condiciones que favorecen la aparición de insectos. Estos pueden actuar como vectores de peligrosos agentes patógenos, y por tal motivo su control es importante para la salud pública. Objetivo: Promover la importancia de controlar y combatir los insectos vectores de patógenos mediante la planificación y presentación de actividades lúdicas (fábulas/ teatro infantil) en una comunidad rural de Santo Antonio de Jesús - Bahia ­ Brasil. Materiales y métodos: Planificamos y trabajamos una actividad lúdica, con contenido científico teórico en entomología (insectos vectores) que mimetiza con la realidad presentada y la cultura de la población objetivo: niños en edad escolar de una comunidad rural. Donde los personajes principales eran diversos tipos de insectos (moscas, mosquitos, vichunca, piojos, pulgas, chinches y abejas). Resultados: En la fábula participaron los estudiantes y la comunidad siguiendo un texto preparado llamado "La fiesta de los insectos", era una escuela de educación infantil. Tanto los niños como los maestros, los padres y otras personas entendidas y aportaban en el diálogo de la fábula utilizando la música de mayor alegría y de integración. Conclusiones: La actividad lúdica permite una mejor asimilación y expresión del niño en los temas tratados (insectos vectores), por tanto, permite y fomenta una interpretación a través de la creatividad y la conciencia crítica, lo que permite una mayor eficacia en la multiplicación de lo trabajo de información para su entorno sociocultural.(AU)

Introduction: Locations without toilets and without clean water, combined with poor hygiene and low economic development, are conditions that favor the occurrence of insects. These insects can act as vectors that provide the vehicle disease agents, finding themselves thus major public health, revealing the constant need to fight them. Objective: To promote the importance of controlling and combating insect vectors from the manufacture and development of a playfulness activity (fable / children's theater) presented in a rural community of Santo Antônio de Jesus - Bahia - Brazil. Materials and methods: We worked up a playfulness activity, with scientific theoretical content in entomology (insect vectors) that blended with the reality presented and culture of the target population: schoolchildren in a rural community. Where the main characters were various types of insects (flies, mosquitoes, kissing bug, lice, fleas, bedbugs and bees). Results: In the fable there were inserted students and community in the prepared text "The feast of insects" integrating general guiding principles and child elements, as the scene of the action was a school of early childhood education. Both children and teachers, parents and other individuals understood and inserted in the fable dialogue, which used musical means to greater playfulness and integration. Conclusions. The playfulness activity crafted allowed a better assimilation and expression of the child in the issues addressed (insect vectors) therefore allowed and encouraged an interpretation through creativity and critical awareness, allowing greater efficiency in the multiplication of the work of information for their socio-cultural environment.(AU)