Synthesis and anticancer potential of aminomethyl derivatives of methyl-substituted asymmetrical curcumin mono-carbonyl

A series of new aminomethyl derivatives of methyl-substituted asymmetrical curcumin mono-carbonyl was synthesizedand evaluated for their anticancer potential by means of cytotoxicity and selectivity determination against MCF-7,WiDr, Hela, A549, PLC/PRF/5, and Chang Liver cells lines using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium proliferation assaymethod. All the synthesized compounds (3a–f) exhibited high cytotoxic against WiDr cells lines, but only 3a–e hadhigh cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells lines, and only 3b showed high cytotoxic against HeLa, A549, and PLC/PRF/5 celllines. However, 3b and 3c exhibited high cytotoxic against Chang Liver (normal liver) cells lines. Further evaluationsshowed that compounds 3d, 3e, and 3f exhibited a potent and selective cytotoxic agent (IC50 = 5.70, 5.55, and 2.97µM) against WiDr (colorectal carcinoma) cells lines with selectivity index (SI) = 4.43, 2.69, and 2.04, respectively.The compounds performed better cytotoxic activity than curcumin and 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 8.29 and >100 µM andSI = 1.28 and <1). So, compounds 3d, 3e, and 3f were potential as an anticancer agent for colorectal carcinoma andshould be further studied for investigating their mechanism of action and their effectivity in preclinical studies usingan animal model..

Application of the natural deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-sorbitol to extract chlorogenic acid and caffeine from green coffee beans (Coffea canephora)

This study aimed to determine the optimum method for extracting caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) from greencoffee beans (GCB) of Coffea canephora using choline chloride–sorbitol, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES).Three different preparations of choline chloride–sorbitol and choline chloride–sorbitol–urea (2:1, 4:1, and 6:1) wereused for the extraction. The most effective preparation was used to evaluate the effect of dilution with water andextraction time. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with a gradient solvent system of 0.1%acetic acid (90%) and acetonitrile (10%), was used to quantify the CGA and caffeine. Choline chloride–sorbitol ata ratio of 4:1 was the most effective for extracting chlorogenic and caffeine, with caffeine and CGA yield of 4.49and 16.59 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The optimum water concentration was not found. Using a higher NADESdilution for extraction corresponded to an increased yield of caffeine and CGA. The effective time for extraction wasfound to be 30 minutes, which yielded the most caffeine and CGA. Based on these results, choline chloride–sorbitolcould be an alternative green solvent for extracting caffeine and CGA from C. canephora GCB.