Association between vitamin D and urinary tract infection in children / 소아과

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. METHODS: In this case-control study, 70 children with UTI (case group) were compared with 70 healthy children (control group) in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels. The children were between 1 month and 12 years of age. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were analyzed and compared between both groups. RESULTS: Among 70 children with UTI (case group), 5 children (7.2%) were male and 65 (92.8%) were female. Among the healthy children (control group), 9 (12.8%) and 61 children (87.2%) were male and female, respectively (P=0.39). The mean±standard deviation of age in the case and control groups were 53.2±35.6 and 36.1±60.2 months, respectively (P=0.24). The mean level of serum 25(OH)D in the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (20.4±8.6 ng/mL vs. 16.9±7.4 ng/mL, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that there was a relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and UTI in children. It seems that 25(OH)D plays a role in the pathogenesis of UTI.

[Comparison of core stability between male soccer players with and without hip adductors strain]

More recently, attention has turned to the role of proximal structures in function of lower limb. Decreased lumbo-pelvic [or core] stability has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of lower extremity sport injuries. This is largely due to the closed chain nature of athletic activities. Groin pain is a common complaint for athletes participating in sports such as soccer. Adductor-related groin pain was the most common primary entity in soccer players. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare of core stability between male soccer players with and without hip adductors strain. Various studies have been done for treatment and prevention of recurrent of this lesion and the most important thing in these studies was to keep the integrity of the core stability. Fifty professional soccer players [25 healthy and 25 with adductors strain. mean age: 21.32 +/- 2.73] was studied. Core stability was compared among them by 5 endurance and functional tests. Endurance of back extensors, trunk flexors and lateral flexors were tested by Modified Biering-Sorensen and Mc.Gilltests. In current research, the Double Leg Lowering test is applied to measure the function of the oblique abdominals muscles and the Single Leg Squat test is applied to measure the function of hip abductor and external rotators muscles. Endurance of back extensors, flexors and lateral flexors were significantly lower in the injured soccer players in comparison with the healthy players. Significant decrease in the function of oblique abdominal muscles, hip abductor and external rotator muscles were founded in the injured players [p<0.05]. Decrease of endurance and function in the trunk muscles is probably an important risk factor for hip adductors strain injuries in the soccer players. Increasing the endurance of the core muscles can be reduced the occurrence of hip addactors strain

effects of dopamine receptor agents on swim stress-induced inhibition of naloxone-induced jumping behavior in morphine-dependent mice

In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress [WSS] on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone [1 mg/kg], was injected to elicit jumping [as a withdrawal sign]. The first group exposed to WSS in the presence or absence of dopamine receptor drugs, before naloxone injection, in order to test the interaction of dopamine receptor mechanisms with WSS on expression of jumping behavior. When the animals were exposed to WSS for periods of 0.5, 1 or 3 min, 15 min prior to naloxone injection, WSS administration for a period of 3 min decreased the expression of jumping, but not diarrhea induced by naloxone. The Dl receptor agonist, SKF38393 [l-phenyl-7,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine hydrochloride; 8 and 16 mg/kg], Dl receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 [R-[+]-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-lHbenzazepine=7-ol maleate; 0.0025 and 0.005 mg/kg], D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole [0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg] and D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride [50 mg/kg], potentiated the inhibition of jumping induced by WSS. Quinpirole, but not other dopamine receptor agents, increased diarrhea. In the second group of animals, effects of the dopamine receptor drugs; during development of morphine dependence, in the presence of WSS administration were tested. Administration of apomorphine [1 and 2 mg/kg] or SKF 38393 [8 mg/kg] in the presence of WSS, during the development of morphine dependence increased jumping, while quinpirole [0.5 mg/kg] decreased diarrhea. In contrary, neither sulpiride nor SCH 23390 did not alter jumping or diarrhea induced by naloxone. It could be concluded that dopamine receptor mechanism[s] and/or WSS could be related the development of morphine dependency