What do retina fellows-in-training think about the vitreoretinal surgical simulator: A multicenter survey

Purpose: To profile vitreoretinal (VR) fellows?in?training from India exposed to the Eyesi surgical simulator, to identify potential barriers to voluntary use, and enumerate the most preferred tools and tasks before incorporating them into a formal skill?transfer curriculum. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was designed and circulated through an online portal (surveymonkey.com) to four different institutes of India having a VR surgical fellowship program and using a functional Eyesi (Haag–Streit) simulator. All fellows and trainees who were exposed to the simulator were eligible to participate, irrespective of time spent on the simulator and exposure to training steps on real patients. The responses collected were private and anonymous. Results: Of the 37 respondents, most (n = 25, 68%) considered surgical simulators to be the best training tool before operating on the human eye. A majority (n = 35, 94.5%) of participants spent <3 h per week on the simulator, which, most (n = 30, 81%) felt was not enough time. The main reasons for this underutilization were work?hour limitations (54.8%), lack of a structured training program (19.3%), or a dedicated supervisor (16.1%). Again, the majority (n = 33, 89%) of participants responded that VR surgical skills acquired during simulator training were transferrable to the operating room, which was reflected by their response (n = 31, 83.7%) that simulator?based training should be made mandatory before operating room exposure. Conclusion: This study gives an insight into the overall practice patterns and preferences in simulation training of surgical VR fellows?in?training across India. It indicates that the simulator is extremely helpful to fellows and if adopted, VR surgical simulators with organized, directed, and supervised sessions will considerably improve the surgical training experience.

Purtscher‑like retinopathy: A rare complication of peribulbar anesthesia.

Purtscher and Purtscher‑like retinopathy is a distinctive retinal syndrome characterized by ischemic retinal whitening in a peripapillary pattern. We report a case of Purtscher‑like retinopathy in a healthy 64‑year‑old man after a routine peribulbar anesthetic injection for cataract surgery. Although peribulbar anesthesia is considered to be a safer alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia, it has been associated with unusual but grave complications including central retinal artery occlusion.

Comparative Effect of Antidepressants (Duloxetine) and NSAID (Dexibuprofen) in a New Rat Model of Chronic Pain Induced Depression Associated with Monosodium Iodo Acetate (MIA) Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats.

Objective: To evaluate the role of anti-depressants (Duloxetine) and NSAID (Dexibuprofen) in a new rat model of chronic induced depression. Methods: Twenty four male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group I to IV served as vehicle control, osteoarthritis (OA) control, duloxetine and dexibuprofen treated groups respectively. Group I received intra-articular Injection of 50 μl of 0.9% normal saline, and Group II to IV received 50 μl MIA, and the treatment of drugs started on the same day. The animals will be monitored for OA parameters and/or depression on pre-dose day (day 0) and on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21 and 28 th day. Results and Discussion: In MIA treated group, the rise in knee inflammation is maximum on day 3 (12.31±0.85 mm; p<0.001) and reduced near to normal on day 7 (9.26±0.57 mm; p<0.001). Dexibuprofen and duloxetine decreased the inflammation from day 3, and the decrease is comparatively better in dexibuprofen group. Also, dexibuprofen increased vocalization threshold of knee compression force for 7 days and decreased thereafter, whereas duloxetine has no effect for first 7 days and increased thereafter. Duloxetine was significantly (p<0.001) effective on neuropathic pain (Punctate allodynia, mechanical gripstrength, threshold angle of knee extension) and depression (forced swim test and locomotor activity) compared to dexibuprofen. Conclusion: The present study has shown that dexibuprofen has the potential in the initial phase of chronic OA and duloxetine in the later stage, where neuropathic and depressive component dominates.

In vivo sectional imaging of the retinal periphery using conventional optical coherence tomography systems.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed macular disease practices. This report describes the use of conventional OCT systems for peripheral retinal imaging. Thirty-six eyes with peripheral retinal pathology underwent imaging with conventional OCT systems. In vivo sectional imaging of lattice degeneration, snail-track degeneration, and paving-stone degeneration was performed. Differences were noted between phenotypes of lattice degeneration. Several findings previously unreported in histopathology studies were encountered. Certain anatomic features were seen that could conceivably explain clinical and intraoperative behavior of peripheral lesions. Peripheral OCT imaging helped elucidate clinically ambiguous situations such as retinal breaks, subclinical retinal detachment, retinoschisis, choroidal nevus, and metastasis. Limitations of such scanning included end-gaze nystagmus and far peripheral lesions. This first of its kind study demonstrates the feasibility of peripheral retinal OCT imaging and expands the spectrum of indications for which OCT scanning may be clinically useful.

Intracameral injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) to treat anterior chamber neovascular membrane in a painful blind eye.

Intracameral injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) helped in the successful regression of an anterior chamber neovascular membrane in a painful blind eye. The effect was persistent even after six months of follow-up. This is the first report on intracameral administration of bevacizumab with six months of follow-up.

Screening for retinopathy of prematurity--a comparison between binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and RetCam 120.

AIM: To compare the photographic screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using RetCam 120 with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO), which is the current gold standard. SETTING AND DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 87 RetCam examinations were performed on 27 premature babies. They were stored in a separate file after deleting the identifying information. At the same visit using the BIO with scleral depression, an experienced vitreoretinal surgeon evaluated the fundus in detail. A masked examiner then evaluated the RetCam photographs for presence or absence of ROP, the stage and zone of the disease and the presence or absence of plus disease. These data were then compared with the BIO findings to determine the sensitivity, specificity and the positive and negative predictive values of the method. RESULTS: ROP was detected in 63 of 87 examinations by BIO and in 56 of 87 RetCam examinations. Nine RetCam examinations were false-negative and two were false-positive. Sensitivity of RetCam was 85.71% (54/63) and specificity was 91.66% (22/24). The positive and negative predictive values were 96.43% and 70.97% respectively. CONCLUSION: Nine cases having ROP were missed by the RetCam. All these cases were either in zone 3 or the outer part of zone 2, which later regressed. These were missed mostly because of the restricted mobility of the camera head caused by its size and the barrier caused by the lid speculum arms. No case of threshold ROP was missed. RetCam may replace BIO for screening of ROP.

Fulminate retinopathy of prematurity - clinical characteristics and laser outcome.

PURPOSE: To analyse the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of zone 1 Fulminate type of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and compare it to Conventional ROP. METHODS: Preterm infants from two neonatal intensive care units (NICU) born between July 2002 and November 2003 were screened for ROP. Cases with Conventional ROP were classified according to the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) while that of Fulminate ROP according to Shapiro's classification. Threshold disease was kept the cut off for treatment for Conventional ROP and stage 3A for Fulminate ROP. RESULTS: Of the 54 cases that had treatable ROP, 36 (66.67%) had Fulminate type. The mean gestational age and birth weight was higher in Fulminate ROP compared to Conventional disease (31.75 weeks and 1554 gms vs 31 weeks 1387 gms) whereas the mean postnatal age at laser was lower (4.62 weeks vs 6.3 weeks). The average number of laser spots given was 3036.6 for Fulminate disease. CONCLUSION: Fulminate ROP had an atypical morphology which was difficult to classify according to ICROP classification and we would like to lay stress upon the importance of screening of premature infants from the age of 4 weeks and to start treatment immediately once Fulminate ROP has been diagnosed.

Fulminate type of retinopathy of prematurity.

Routine ophthalmoscopic screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from the age of 2 weeks is necessary to detect and treat fulminate ROP.