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Objective: To investigate the anticancer activity of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet& Gagnep against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Methods: The anticancer activity was based on (a) the cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells (HepG2) assessed using a neutral red assay and (b) apoptosis induction determined by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was assessed by HPLC analysis. Results: The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) showed greater potential anticancer activity with high cytotoxicity [IC50 = (62.8 ± 7.3)μg/mL] and higher selectivity in HepG2 cells than normal Vero cells [selective index (SI) = 7.9]. The SI of EW-L was higher than the positive control, melphalan (SI = 1.6) and the apoptotic cells (46.4 ± 2.6) % induced by EW-L was higher than the melphalan (41.6 ± 2.1)% (P<0.05). The HPLC chromatogram of the EW-L revealed the presence of various kinds of polyphenolics and flavonoids in it. Conclusions:P. evecta is a potential plant with anticancer activity. The isolation of pure compounds and determination of the bioactivity of individual compounds will be further performed.
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Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of the extract fraction of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep and the synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from P. evecta by using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Methods: The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) was prepared and was further fractionated to isolate various fractions. The anticancer activity was investigated from cytotoxicity against HepG2 using a neutral red assay and apoptosis induction by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Synergistic anticancer effects of the extracts from P. evecta were performed using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Results: The result showed that the EW-L showed higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells than its fractionated extracts. The hexane extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction than the water extracts, but less than the EW-L. The combined water and hexane extracts apparently increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. The %apoptotic cells induced by the extract mixture were increased about 2-fold compared to the single hexane extract. Conclusions: The polar extract fraction is necessary for the anticancer activity of the non-polar extract fraction. The ATR/FT-IR spectra illustrates the physical interaction among the constituents in the extract mixture and reveals the presence of polyphenolic constituents in the EW-L, which might play a role for the synergistic anticancer effect.
RESUMO
This study examined the antioxidative activity, and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) of medicinal mushrooms extracts; Lentinus polychrous Lev. and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Antioxidative activity and cytotoxic effect were determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) assay and the Neutral red assay, respectively. Results show that G. lucidum extracts from mycelia have antioxidative activity with the DPPH scavenging capacity in the range 1.34\±0.12 and 13.77\±0.98 \µmol/g and the total phenolic compounds in the range 9.91\±2.32 to 119.70\±1.74 mg/100g. L. polychrous Lev. extracts from mycelia had antioxidative activity with the DPPH scavenging capacity in the range 1.33\±1.58 to 11.84\±1.77 \µmol/g and the total phenolic compounds was approximately 10.42\±0.69 to 116.57\±5.27 mg/100g. This study shows that an extract from edible L. polychrous Lev. mushroom extracts exhibited similar antioxidative activity and the total phenolic compounds to the G. lucidum extracts. Moreover, the extract from G. lucidum caused a 50% decrease in breast cancer cell viability with concentration (IC₅₀) of 415.6 \µg/mL. The extract from L. polychrous Lev. mycelia demonstrated IC₅₀ values greater than 500 \µg/mL. It was found that the L. polychrous Lev. Mycelia extract; an edible mushroom in Thailand, possessed radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic content were not different from the G. lucidum extract. Future work on the separation of bioactive compounds contributing to the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the L. polychrous Lev. Mycelia extract should be performed in comparison to the G. lucidum extract.