RESUMO
Nowadays, nanomaterials are used in daily life extensively. One of the most common of these materials is nano titanium dioxide [TiO[2]] which is used to purify the air and also sunscreens, shampoos and other hygienic products. Although nanoparticles are useful, can also have potential hazards. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of TiO[2] on lung tissue in rabbits. We divided 18 male rabbits into three groups randomly. The first group received 50 microl of TiO[2] with dose of 50 mg/kg by intratracheal instillation. The second group received 50 microl of TiO[2] with dose of 100 mg/kg and the third group received 50 microl of normal saline by the same route. Chest X-rays were taken from all rabbits before injection and on days of 10, 17 and 24 after injection. Twenty four days after injection, rabbits anesthetized and histopathological assays, blood samples and biochemical factors were evaluated. Radiographic assays showed a progressive pulmonary fibrosis in rabbits received TiO[2] rather than the control group and this lesion developed to maximum at 24[th] day of the experiment. We also showed pulmonary emphysema and inflammation in histopathologycal study of groups treated with TiO[2]. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the amount of liver enzymes, white blood cells and hematocrit in TiO[2] treated groups compared to control group [P 0.05]. Results showed that nanotitanium dioxide particles can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation and also increasing liver enzymes and inflammatory cells
RESUMO
It is generally accepted that the selective adenosine triphosphatedependent potassium channel openers [K[ATP] openers] have a dramatic role in the treatment of some cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazoxide, a potent ATP-related potassium channel opener, on spontaneously beating isolated rat atria to achieve more accurate approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial related disorders including atrial arrhythmias. After induction of anesthesia, we exsected the heart and isolated the atria of 48 male Wistar rats. Later, we recorded the beating and contractile force of the atria by a physiograph. Subsequently, we studied the effects of diazoxide [2 to 100 micro g/mL] on beating and contractile force of the isolated atria 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after applying the drug onto the atria. Diazoxide administration [2 to 100 micro g/mL] showed a significant decrease [7% to 49% depending on concentration] in atrial beatings [P
RESUMO
Obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression have a high prevalence during pregnancy; therefore, pregnant women may take clomipramine and also take other drugs or consume foods that contain caffeine. As investigations about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine and its concurrent administration with caffeine during organogenesis period are scarce, we aimed to study the teratogenicity of simultaneous administration of clomipramine and caffeine in rat fetus. After dividing 42 pregnant rats to several case and control groups, we injected different doses of caffeine and clomipramine to the animals. All the injections were performed on the eighth until the 15th day of pregnancy. We removed the fetuses on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied the morphological features and apparent anomalies of the fetuses macroscopically. We found a significant rate of mortality, apparent anomalies, abnormal torsion, shrinkage of skin and subcutaneous bleeding in fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or a combination of caffeine and clomipramine. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase [P