Contraceptive methods adopted by women in immediate post-partum period in a tertiary care centre in Northern India: an observational study

Background: Contraception is the need of the hour in India. The family planning program in India offers a basket of choices. These choices are governed by the decisions of their partners, socio economic status of patients and even wishes of other family members.Methods: This observational study was carried out in obstetrics and gynaecology department of ESIC medical college and hospital for a period of 1 year from March 2023 to February 2024. All the patients who were in immediate post-partum period after normal vaginal delivery, caesarean section and medical termination of pregnancy were included in the study.Results: With the introduction of PPIUCD in national family programs more women are inclining towards long term spacing methods and not resorting to permanent sterilisation alone.Conclusions: It is undeniable that most women do not desire a pregnancy immediately after delivery but are not informed enough about the methods of contraception they can use.

Torsion of ovary and acute abdomen

Ovarian torsion refers to partial or complete rotation of ovarian vascular pedicle. This study explored the presenting symptoms and management of ovarian torsion in a newly established ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna. This report presents two cases of ovarian torsion, the presenting symptoms and management. This underscores the need of prompt diagnosis and management to improve postoperative outcomes.

Implanon: subdermal single rod contraceptive implant

Implanon is a single rod contraceptive implant which provides protection for three years. The development of subdermal contraceptive implant has been an important improvement in the contraceptive technology in India. Mechanism of action of Implanon is by ovulation inhibition and increase in viscosity of cervical mucus. The side effects associated with Implanon includes irregular periods, weight, gain, acne, headache and breast tenderness. Insertion of implant is an operating procedure done in day care by a skilled care worker. Implanon is proving to be a safe and highly effective long-acting reversible contraceptive.

Study and analysis of cervical pap smears in our hospital

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women worldwide. It has taken fourth place among malignancies that affect women, the first leading is breast cancer. In developing countries including India, it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It is readily preventable and can be diagnosed at the pre invasive stage with adequate and repetitive cytological screening and Papanicolaou smears.Methods: This observational study was aimed to screen the patients attending gynae OPD of ESIMCH, Bihta. The main purpose was to study the incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions in population in and around ESICMCH, Bihta. A total of 100 patients attending gynaecology OPD of ESIC, Bihta were screened during a period of one year from October 2022 to September 2023.燩ap smears are taken from women visiting gynaecological OPD between ages of 25 to 70 with different gynaecological complaints using Ayer抯 spatula. Smears were reported according to Bethesda system 2001.Results: A total of 200 pap smears were examined. There were 68 patients with NILM, and 67 patients with inflammatory smear. ASCUS was found in 12 patients, LSIL in 10 patients, HSIL in 7 and squamous cell carcinoma in 1 patient. This study concluded that a simple pap smear test could be offered to vast populations for diagnosing premalignant conditions of the survey this has and will in future continue to aid us with the early diagnosis of survival cancer.Conclusions: PAP smear is useful in diagnosing malignant and premalignant lesions of the cervix. In developing countries such as India this screening method is cheap and can be widely used. It can be used by trainers and para medical staffs.

A study to assess the maternal and perinatal outcome of postdated pregnancy at a tertiary care institution of Eastern India

Background: Post term pregnancy has been defined as a pregnancy that persists beyond 294 days or 42 weeks of gestation. It most likely occurs in less than 5% gestation and has been associated with increased perinatal mortality rate. There is a strong body of evidence that the induction of labour at term and prior to 42 weeks of gestation is associated with reduction in perinatal complications without an associated increase in CS rates.Methods: This observational study was carried out in obstetrics/gynaecology department of ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Bihta. All the primi or multi gravida beyond the expected date of delivery and coming under the inclusion criteria were taken. Taking in consideration about the incidence of cases of post term deliveries last year, we are getting 6 to 7 cases every month. So,70 cases in 1 year of study duration was taken from October 2022 to September 2023.Results: This observation study showed that the incidence of postdated pregnancy was higher in primi gravida. Incidence of fetal distress and NICU admissions increased as the period of gestation increases.Conclusions: Post dated pregnancy was associated with perinatal complications like fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome and fetal asphyxia. There was increased risk of obstetric complications like postpartum haemorrhage, perineal tear, cervical tear and shoulder dystocia. Management of postdated pregnancy is a challenge to obstetrician and policies regarding induction of labour beyond expected date of delivery can reduce untoward complications.