Relationship between refractive outcomes and quantitative retinal vascularization and severity of plus disease in eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between refractive outcomes with the extent of retinal vascularization and severity of the plus disease in infants treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: Pre?IVB fundus images (PFIs), final fundus images (FFIs), and refractive outcomes of the 93 infants who underwent IVB monotherapy for type 1 and aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (A?ROP) were retrospectively evaluated. Quantitative measurements were performed on PFIs and FFIs. Pre?IVB plus severity was scored on a five?leveled scale. Correlation between spherical equivalent (SE) with pre?treatment and final extent of the temporal retinal vascularization and pre?treatment severity of plus disease was analyzed. Results: There was a linear and low positive correlation between the extent of pre?IVB and final temporal retinal vascularization with final SE (p = 0.000, r = 0.267; P = 0.002, r = 0.274, respectively). There was a low negative correlation between the pre?IVB plus severity score with final SE (p = 0.012, r = ?0.192). Gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), IVB dose, presence of additional IVB, or laser treatments were not correlated with refractive outcome. Out of 171 eyes, 38 eyes had >1 D myopia. In the univariate logistic analyses, pre?IVB retinal zone and pre?IVB and final extent of the temporal retinal vascularization were found to be related to the development of >1 D myopia (p = 0.002, odds ratio (OR) = 0.298; P = 0.000, OR = 0.281; P = 0.001, OR = 0.317; respectively). Conclusion: Our study indicates that the pre?treatment and final extent of retinal vascularization were the main parameters that were related to final refractive outcomes in IVB?treated eyes for type 1 and A?ROP.

Choroidal thickness changes after dynamic exercise as measured by spectral‑domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To measure the choroidal thickness (CT) after dynamic exercise by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI‑OCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 19 healthy participants performed 10 min of low‑impact, moderate‑intensity exercise (i.e., riding a bicycle ergometer) and were examined with EDI‑OCT. Each participant was scanned before exercise and afterward at 5 min and 15 min. CT measurement was taken at the fovea and 1000 μ away from the fovea in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior regions. Retinal thickness, intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), heart rate, and mean blood pressure (mBP) were also measured. Results: A significant increase occurred in OPP and mBP at 5 min and 15 min following exercise (P ˂ 0.05). The mean subfoveal CT at baseline was 344.00 ± 64.71 μm compared to 370.63 ± 66.87 μm at 5 min and 345.31 ± 63.58 μm at 15 min after exercise. CT measurements at all locations significantly increased at 5 min following exercise compared to the baseline (P ˂ 0.001), while measurements at 15 min following exercise did not significant differ compared to the baseline (P ˃ 0.05). There was no significant difference in retinal thickness at any location before and at 5 min and 15 min following exercise (P ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: Findings revealed that dynamic exercise causes a significant increase in CT for at least 5 min following exercise.