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1.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2006 Jun; 73(6): 479-87
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-84066

RESUMO

About 2.1 million Indian children under 5 years of age die each year. In spite of reductions in child mortality rate over the past two decades, the rate remains high at 87 per 1000 live births. The main causes are diarrhoea, pneumonia, and for deaths among the neonates asphyxia, pre-term delivery, sepsis and tetanus. The major underlying cause of death is undernutrition. Child survival interventions of proven impact, feasible for use at high coverage in India were identified, and their effect on child mortality was calculated if high coverage were to be achieved. Exclusive breastfeeding, oral rehydration therapy, and adequate complementary feeding were among the most effective interventions. If these interventions would be applied universally 57% of mortality among pre-schoolers could be prevented. No cause specific mortality data were available from individual Indian states. Nevertheless, the range of child mortality, as well as the proportion of neo-natal deaths, occurring across the states, suggests that at state level 50-70% of deaths can be prevented. The results show that the targets set in the millennium development goals as well as in the Tenth Five Year plan can be reached.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Causas de Morte , Mortalidade da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Hidratação , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Desnutrição/mortalidade
2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 47(2 (Supl 1)): 50-3, jun. 1997. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-218747

RESUMO

The economic situation of characterized by a large increase in the gross national product which has been on average 7 por ciento annually during the last ten years. This was accompanied by rapid urbanization. With the economic improvement, "First World" health and nutrition problems are coexisting in Indonesia. In 1992, the most common of death cause was cardiovascular disease whereas tuberculosis was the second ranking. About 40 por ciento of the preschool children are stunted. The main stable food and source is rice, although the urban population has a more diverse food pattern than the rural population. In Jakarta, many children receive too late colostrum feeding and mothers are not aware about the importance of correct breastfeeding practices after delivery. Three studies had shown that about one fidth of preschool children and one fourth of elderly take micronutriens. Nevertheless are prevalent in Jakarta. About one third of women suffer from moderate vitamin A deficiency (plasma retino <0.70 mmol/L) and 50 por ciento of pregnant women are anemic. More information is necessary on other micronutrient deficiencies. For example, a small study revealed that nearly two thirds of non-institutionalized alderly living in Jakarta experience thiamine deficiency. Appropriate interventions to reduce micronutrient deficienies should sensitiza the urban population to the fact that the government should restrict itself no use its resources to assist only the poorest individuals and groups, whereas it must be expected from the middle class to spend more to solve their own problemas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Alimentos Fortificados/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/terapia , Micronutrientes/classificação , Micronutrientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Indonésia
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