Quality of life in enuretic children

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a highly incident chronic disorder that generates countless problems to the child and their parents. Bed-wetting has significant negative impacts on self-esteem and the performance of children. The aim of the current study is to assess the quality of life of enuretic children, as well as its association to sex and age. Patients and Methods: Thirty-nine enuretic children (23 boys) and 49 healthy children (27 boys) without any history of previous treatment for enuresis or voiding dysfunction were included. Age ranged between 6 and 11 years old. The "AUQEI" questionnaire was applied in a private environment to all children by the same researcher (psychologist) to evaluate quality of life. Results: Enuretic children displayed loss in quality of life when compared to non-enuretic (35.9% of enuretic x 16.3% of non-enuretic, p=0.035). They were mostly affected in their daily activities (p=0.02). No significant differences were found in the association of sex and gender with quality of life. These results suggest that, children with nocturnal enuresis have 2.87 times more chances of having loss in quality of life compared to non-enuretic. Conclusions: Enuresis has a great impact in quality of life of children. This impact is not related to the age or sex of the child.

Breast cancer prevention: what women think about the illness, its risks and self-care / Prevenção do câncer de mama: o que as mulheres pensam sobre a doença, seus riscos e autocuidado / Prevención del cancer de mama: qué piensan las mujeres sobre la enfermedad, sus riesgos y el autocuidado

Background: Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is important to reduce mortality rates. To prevent BC, women should adopt self-care behaviors. This study aimed at examining risk and illness perception and self-care of healthy women regarding breast cancer. Methods: Participants were 211 women (M=59.11 years, SD=8.54) and with no personal history of the illness, selected by convenience. Measures were a sociodemographic, clinical and health behavior questionnaire, illness perception and risk perception questionnaires. Nonparametric statistics (Spearman) was employed to analyze the relationship between illness perception, risk perception and sociodemographic variables. The open answers to the causes of the illness were classified according to the content analysis. Results: We found a relationship between risk and illness perception and self-care in healthy women regarding BC. It was identified that women had reasonable illness coherence (M=3.18) and considered the illness more timeline chronic than timeline acute (M=3.22), reasonable timeline cyclical (M=3.56), with severe consequences for health (M=4.22), and reasonably threatening (M=3.15). Conclusions: BC and risk perception and self-care are interrelated variables among healthy women.

Introdução: A detecção precoce do câncer de mama (CM) é importante para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade. Para preveni-lo, a mulher deve adotar comportamentos de autocuidado em saúde. Esse estudo objetiva examinar a percepção de risco, a percepção da doença e o autocuidado de mulheres saudáveis com relação ao CM. Método: Participaram 211 mulheres (M=59,11 anos; DP=8,54) sem histórico de CM selecionados por conveniência. Os instrumentos foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de comportamento em saúde, questionários de percepção da doença e percepção de risco. Estatística não paramétrica (Spearman) foi utilizada para analisar a relação entre percepção da doença, percepção de risco e variáveis sociodemográficas. As respostas abertas sobre as causas da doença foram classificadas segundo análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observou-se que existe relação entre a percepção de risco e da doença, e autocuidado em mulheres saudáveis. Identificou-se que as mulheres têm razoável percepção de entendimento da doença (M=3.18), a consideravam mais crônica que aguda (M=3.22), razoavelmente cíclica (M=3,56), com consequências graves à saúde (M=4,22), e relativamente ameaçadora (M=3,15). Conclusões: A percepção do CM, a percepção de risco e o autocuidado são variáveis inter-relacionadas em mulheres saudáveis.

Introducción: La detección precoz del câncer de mama (CM) es importante para reducir los índices de mortalidade. Para prevenirlo, la mujer debe adoptar conductas de autocuidado en salud. El objetivo es examinar la percepción de riesgo, la percepción de la enfermedad y el autocuidado de mujeres sanas con relación al CM. Método: Participaron 211 mujeres (M=59,11 años; DP=8,54), sin histórico de CM seleccionadas por conveniencia. Los instrumentos fueron cuestionário de datos sociodeográficos, clínicos y de conductas em salud, cuestionários de percepción de la enfermedad y percepción de riesgo. Estadística no paramétrica (Spearman) ha sido utilizada para examinar la relación entre percepción de la enfermedad, de riesgo y variables sociodemográficas. Las preguntas abiertas sobre las causas de la enfermedad fueron clasificadas a través de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se observó que existe relación entre percepción de riesgo y de la enfermedady el autocuidado em mujeres sanas. Se identifico que las mujeres tienen razonable percepción de comprehensión de la enfermedad (M=3,18), la consideran más crónica que aguda (M=3,22), razonablemente cíclioca (M=3,36), con consecuencias graves a la salud (M=4,22) y relativamente amenazadora (M=3,15). Conclusiones: la percepción del CM, la percepción de riesgo y el autocuidado son variables inter-relacionadas em mujeres sanas.