Evaluation of impact of dietary pattern on iodine and thyroid status of adolescent girls in Lahore

Study was designed to determine, inter alia, the impact of dietary pattern on the iodine status of adolescent girls' population in City District, Lahore. Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Public Health, Lahore from 21[st] March to 02[nd] June, 2009. It was a community based study conducted in the 66 public and private girls secondary schools situated within urban and rural areas of Capital City District, Lahore. The study population comprised adolescent school girls of age group 11-16 years in 09 administrative towns of Lahore. Multistage sampling technique was used. In first stage, 75 schools in Lahore were selected by simple random sampling. In second stage, 10 girls students of 11-16 years age from each school were selected by using the table of random number. 660 subjects were recruited for the study and urine samples were collected for urinalysis. In third stage, 01 girl student out of 10 from each school was randomly selected and her venous blood taken for TSH estimation. Data was collected through interview on predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Chi-squared, Fisher's exact and ANOVA tests were employed to determine the association between different variables. P-value <0.05 was considered significant except in case of impact of food items and goiter, where P value

Evaluation of impact of dietary pattern on iodine and thyroid status of adolescent girls in Lahore

Study was designed to determine, inter alia, the impact of dietary pattern on the iodine status of adolescent girls' population in City District, Lahore. It was a community based study, conducted through cross - sectional approach. The study was conducted from 21[st] March to 2[nd] June, 2009 in 66 public and private girls secondary schools situated within urban and rural areas of Capital City District, Lahore. The study population comprised adolescent school girls of age group 11 - 16 years in 09 administrative towns of Lahore. Multistage sampling technique was used. In first stage, 75 schools in Lahore were selected by simple random sampling. In second stage, 10 girls students of 11 - 16 years from each school were selected by using the table of random number. 660 subjects were recruited for the study and urine samples were collected for urin analysis. In the third stage, 01 girl student out of 10 from each school was randomly selected and her venous blood taken for TSH estimation. Data was collected through interview on predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Chi-squared, Fisher's exact and ANOVA tests were employed to determine the association between different variables. P-value <0.05 was considered significant except in case of impact of food items and goiter, where P value

effect of a modified surgical technique on the incidence of vault haematomas

To evaluate the effects of a modified incision and closure technique on the incidence of vault haematomas and post operative morbidity after vaginal hysterectomy. This study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore from November 2011 to December 2012. 100 patients aged 40 to 70 years having utero-vaginal prolapse undergoing vaginal hysterectomy were included in the study. Vaginal hysterectomy was performed with a modified Incision. Patients were observed for fever, pain and vaginal bleeding. Pelvic ultrasound was carried out for any pelvic collection or haematomas. Patients were followed for one month. Patients with complaints of lower abdominal pain, vaginal spotting, bleeding or fever were readmitted and evaluated. Out of 100 patients, 2% patients developed vault haematomas, 11% developed pain, 5% developed fever. 7% patients stayed at hospital for 5-6 days due to complications. Haematoma was confirmed by ultrasound in 2% cases and those were readmitted. Conservative management was done. No patient required surgical evacuation. Adoption of the modified technique resulted in a significant fall in postoperative morbidity due to haematoma formation.

comparative study on social and psychological consequences of obesity in working and non working women

Objective: To compare the social and psychological consequences of obesity and overweight on well being of working and non working women

Study Design: It was a community based descriptive study, conducted through cross-sectional approach with comparative characteristics

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Federal Government Schools and residential areas of Rawalpindi cantonment from 02nd April to 27th May, 2009

Subjects and Methods: The study population comprised 200 obese and overweight women of age group 30-45 years: 100 women working in Federal Government Schools and 100 obese non working women residing in Rawalpindi cantonment area. This study sample of 200 obese women was selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through interview on structured and pretested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements [height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and forearm and wrist measurements] were taken by the researchers themselves for the purpose of working out Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Hip Ratio [WHR] and Total Body Fat [TBF]. Chi squared test was employed to determine the association between different variables. P value

Results: The mean total family income of working women was Rs.80381 +/- 43.6' whereas that of non working women was Rs.52431 +/- 39.8. The mean number of children of working women was 2.8 +/- 1.4 and that of non working women was 4.14 6.9 +/- 1.4. The anthropometric data for BMI was 35.7 +/- 2.7 for non working women, while the same for working women was 33.4 +/- 2.8. Psychological data showed that 49% employed female never thought they have something to be proud of. 22% working women and 24% non working women were self conscious, 17% working women and 47% non working women were preoccupied with a desire to be thinner. 89% working women and 81% non working women did not go out on social occasion merely because they felt bad about their shape. 64% of working and 51% of non working women had a desire to have weight within normal limits

Conclusion: Significant differences in the prevalence of image dissatisfaction and self esteem were observed among the two groups. Employment status was found to be a protective factor for psychological wellbeing and especially body image in obese females. There is dire need for halting and reversing the upward trends of obesity

Factors leading to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult Pakistani males

The study was conducted to determine the factors associated with development of COPD among adult Pakistani men of 40 to 70 years of age. This case control study was conducted with total sample of 88 males aged 40 to 70 years old, 44 cases and 44 matched controls with 1:1 ratio. Cases were selected from the patients admitted in the Pulmonology Department Jinnah Hospital Lahore and controls from the other departments of the same hospital, during one month period. The data was collected through questionnaire consisting of variables like age, locality, occupation and smoking status. The spirometric cut off points [FEV1<80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio <70% of predicted] were used as diagnostic tool for COPD. Cross tabulation was performed with dependent variables as presence of COPD and independent variables such as smoking, age, occupational exposure, locality etc. Multivariate logistic regression model was used with backward elimination technique for the adjustment of age, locality, income status, occupation, previous history of disease and smoking status. Cigarette smoking and age of more than 55 yrs have shown significant relationship with the development of COPD [p value<0.05]. Adjusted odd's ratio was 9.1065 for smoking and 4.2315 for age. Urban residents have a risk of developing COPD 2.14 times more than that of rural residents. Cigarette smoking is most important risk factor for development of COPD, so efforts should be made to control it

Assessment of factors contributing to third delay in obstetric care in lady Willington hospital, Lahore

Objective: Study was designed to assess the underlying factors causing third delay in getting obstetric care after reaching tertiary care hospital

Study Design: This was a descriptive study conducted through cross sectional approach, employing non-probability convenience sampling technique

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from 08th July to 15th July 2008 in Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, a tertiary care obstetrics institution affiliated with King Edward Medical University, Lahore

Subjects and Methods: A study sample of 50 obstetric cases [pregnant women] was selected: half [25] were interviewed from 08.00 am to 08.00 pm during first four days and next half [25] from 08.00 pm to 08.00 am during the next four days to observe the situation / condition round the clock. As such, every pregnant woman coming to the emergency with any presenting complaint requiring immediate intervention during study period was followed till the outcome of pregnancy. A precise, pre-tested questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection including demographic information. The record of subjects was consulted for any useful information. Physical verification for all drugs and equipments was also carried out. Data was cleaned, analyzed manually and partially on computer for applying test of significance. Data of timings was entered on SPSS computer programme. Students "t" test was employed for calculating the significance of time difference during day and night. P value <0.05 was considered significant

Results: Out of study sample of 50, 28 [56%] subjects presented with some complications, while 22 [44%] with normal pregnancy. 15 [54%] subjects from amongst those who presented with some complication had low educational status / were illiterate -whereas- 16 [74%] subjects from amongst those who presented with normal pregnancy had high education. It was due to the fact that educated couples utilize health care services, which eventually have positive impact on the pregnancy outcome. There was delay in transferring the subjects to operation theatre. Moreover, the subjects presenting with some complications were not evaluated urgently

Conclusion: The socio-demographic factors like educational status of subjects / both spouses have been found impacting the third delay. There was no appreciable delay in providing services with insignificant difference of day and night. Third delay is avoidable, if functional healthcare delivery system is in place and through rational solutions, improvement can be brought in the quality of care. The results of study underline a need to vigorously implement well planned supervision and monitoring system to provide training for quality service delivery

Impact of socioeconomic factors on nutritional status in primary school children

Child malnutrition is a major public health and development concern in most of the poor communities leading to high morbidity and mortality. Various studies have highlighted the factors involved. The present study focuses on socioeconomic inequality resulting in malnutrition. Objectives of the Study were to find the Impact of socio-economic factors on nutritional status in primary school children. It was a cross sectional survey conducted at Lahore from February to August 2005 among primary schools from public and private sectors to assess the nutritional status of primary school going children age 5-11 years belonging to different socio economic classes of the society. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to collect the sample. Body Mass Index in relation to NHANES reference population was used for assessing nutritional status. The nutritional status of children from lower socio economic class was poor as compared to their counter parts in upper socio economic class. Children with BMI <5[th] percentile were 41% in lower class while in upper class it was 19.28%. Prevalence of malnutrition was 42.3% among children of illiterate mothers as compare to 20% in those of literate mothers. Poverty, low literacy rate, large families, food insecurity, food safety, women's education appears to be the important underlying factors responsible for poor health status of children from low socioeconomic class. It requires economic, political and social changes as well as changes for personal advancement mainly through educational opportunities to improve the nutritional status of the children