Soporte nutricional y cumplimiento de objetivos nutricionales en la UCI Pediátrica del Hospital Metropolitano / Nutritional support and compliance with nutritional goals in the Pediatric ICU of Hospital Metropolitano

RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir el soporte nutricional que se administra en la UCI Pediátrica del Hospital Metropolitano y evaluar nuestra capacidad de alcanzar los objetivos nutricionales recomendados en guías clínicas internacionales. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de datos recolectados prospectivamente desde el 09/01/2018 hasta el 12/31/2019 de todos los pacientes con soporte nutricional. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio ingresaron a la UCIP 124 pa-cientes y, de éstos, 31% requirieron soporte nutricional. La edad promedio fue 40 meses, los varones fueron 63%, el diagnóstico fue médico en 63% de los casos, la estadía promedio fue de 3 días y la mortalidad de esta cohorte fue de 4,8%. Se implementó nutrición enteral (NE) en 71,8% de los niños, nutrición parenteral (NP) 15,4%, y nutrición mixta, enteral y parenteral en 12,8%. La NE se inició dentro de las primeras 48 horas en 56,4% de los casos. Al comparar el soporte administrado frente a los objetivos nutricionales, el aporte de energía alcanzó el 75% del objetivo calculado mediante la ecuación de Schofield al día 4 y el 100% al día 8. En los niños desnutridos el 75% del objetivo calórico se alcanzó al día 8. Mediante la NE, el 75% del objetivo se alcanzó al día 4 y el 100% al día 5. El objetivo proteico mínimo se alcanzó al día 7 con NE y al día 3 con NP. El aporte promedio de energía a la población estudiada fue de 42,6 kcal/kg/día y 18,5% de los pacientes recibió un promedio de 57 kcal/kg/día. El aporte promedio de proteínas a esta cohorte fue de 1,43 g/kg/día y 42% de ellos recibió un promedio de 1,5 g/kg/día. Conclusiones: Los objetivos recomendados mínimos de energía y proteínas de 57 kcal/kg/día y 1,5 g/kg/día, respectivamente, para alcanzar anabolismo y balance nitrogenado positivo, no fueron alcanzados en nuestros pacientes durante la primera semana después del ingreso.

ABSTRACT Aims & Objectives: To describe the nutritional support (NS) implemented in our PICU and to evaluate our capacity to achieve the recommended nutritional goals (NG). Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively recollected data from 09/01/2018-12/31/2019 of all patients on NS. Results: During the study period 124 patients were admitted and 31% needed NS, mean age 40 months, males 63%, medical diagnosis 63%, surgical diagnosis 22%, length of stay 3 days, mortality 4,8%. Enteral nutrition (EN) was implemented in 71,8%, parenteral nutrition (PN) in 15,4%, and mixed EN/PN in 12,8%. EN was started ≤ 48 hours in 56,4%. In the comparison between intake and recommended NG, energy intake achieved 75% of NG (Schofield) at day 4 and ≥ 100% at day 8. In malnourished patients 75% of NG was achieved at day 8. With EN, 75% of NG were achieved at day 4 and ≥ 100% at day 5. Minimum protein goal was achieved at day 5, in malnourished patients, at day 4. Protein goal was achieved with EN at day 7 and with PN at day 3. Average energy administered was 42,6 kcal/kg/day and 18.5% of the patients reached 57 kcal/kg/day. Average protein administered was 1,43 g/kg/day and 42% reach a mean of 1,5 g/kg/day. Conclusions: Minimum recommended energy and protein goals of 57 kcal/kg/d and 1,5 g/kg/d (to achieve anabolism and positive nitrogen balance) were not accomplished in our patients during the first week after admission.

Neuritis óptica recurrente posterior a encefalomielitis diseminada aguda en pediatría. Reporte de un caso / Recurrent optic neuritis after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in pediatrics. A case report

Abstract: Optic Neuritis (ON) is a condition caused by the inflammation of the optic nerve, causing diminished visual acuity and ocular pain. It is tightly related to Multiple Sclerosis (MS), often being the first demyelinating event. There is a 31% risk of recurrence during the first 10 years after the diagnosis, and 48% of the patients end up being diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis1. Imaging studies like brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) have a critical role in the diagnosis and prognosis of ON, as well as in the recognition of MS.2 The patient is a 11-year-old girl with recurrent ON and past medical history of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) when she was 5 years old. ON diagnosis was based on clinical findings as well as on ophtalmologic, electrophysiologic and imaging studies. The recurrent episodes of ON improved after the use of high dose steroids. Recurrences were observed after titration of the dose, but remission was achieved after adjustment of treatment. During one of the recurrent episodes, blood work was performed to evaluate possible underlying infectious, demyelinating or autoinmmune process. Anti-MOG antibodies were found positive. The patient at the moment is not presenting with any other criteria suggesting MS or Optic Neuromyelitis, but long term follow up is adviced. Key words: Optic neuritis (ON), multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), right eye (RE); visual acuity (VA), optic neuromyelitis (ONM)