RESUMO
Background: As the humans age, there is decrease in size of brain tissue, increase in cerebrospinal fluid volumeand enlargement of ventricles. Brain ventricles can be studied by taking linear, planimetric or volumetricmeasurements. Linear ratios of width of ventricles to the width of skull or brain are considered to be an easy andreproducible measurement for assessment of ventricles. Evans’ index is one such linear ratio; it is the ratio ofmaximum width of frontal horns and maximum transverse internal diameter of skull in the same plane.Purpose of study: The purpose of our study was to obtain a baseline data of reference values of Evans index, inhealthy north Indian population.Materials and Methods: This study was jointly conducted by Department of Anatomy and Department ofRadiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University, U.P, Lucknow. Axial CT scans of head region reportedradiologically normal, belonging to 100 individuals of different age groups were retrospectively collected andthoroughly analyzed using Radiant DICOM Viewer Software. Study subjects were categorized into V groups as perage: 18-30years, 31-40years, 41-50years, 51-60years and above 60years. Evans’ index was calculated.Results: Among study subjects, Evans’index ranged from 0.167 to 0.29 with a mean value of 0.23±0.02. Nosignificant association was observed between age and mean Evans’ Index (p>0.05). Mean Evans’ index was equalfor male and female and was not found to change with age.Conclusion: Study provided values for normal range of Evans’ index and proposes age dependent values of thesame for healthy adult males and females. The data could be utilized in routine radiological practice and byothers where required
RESUMO
Introduction: Aims: To identify the Anorectal malformations patients in North Indian region and then study the karyotype of these patients to evaluate cytogenetic aberrations and then correlate it with the maternal age. Subjects and Methods: Forty eight patients of anorectal malformation were selected from Department of Paediatric Surgery, KGMU, UP, Lucknow. Blood samples were collected and their cytogenetic study was done in the Department of Anatomy, KGMU-U.P, Lucknow. Karyotypes obtained were further analysed. Results: Out of 48 children enrolled in the study, karyogram could be obtained for 45 cases (93.75%). Maternal age at the time of birth of the child was <30 years in 91.1% cases. There were only 8.9% women who were >30 years of age at the time of birth of the child. However, proportion of those with anomalies was significantly higher in >30 years age group (75%) as compared to that in <30 years age group (2.4%). Conclusion: Although low maternal age was found most commonly, but number of cases with chromosomal anomalies was reported more in >30 years of age, which could be due to increased risk of congenital anomalies and malformations with advanced age.