Epidemiología de las lesiones conjuntivales y su correlación clínico-patológica / Epidemiology of conjunctival lesions and clinical-pathological correlation

Se realizó una revisión de los 1166 casos de lesiones conjuntivales recibidos por el Laboratorio de Patología Ocular del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 1968-2005. En base a ella se describen los distintos diagnósticos histopatológicos según su frecuencia, distribución por sexo, edad, localización y tiempo de evolución. La edad promedio para los casos fue de 36 años con un 51,5 por ciento de hombres afectados y un tiempo de evolución promedio de 68 meses. Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron las pigmentarias (44,2 por ciento), seguidas de las epiteliales (22,7 por ciento) y los cuadros infecciosos (10,9 por ciento). La localización más frecuente para todas las lesiones fue bulbar. Se estableció, además, una correlación entre los diagnósticos clínicos e histopatológicos, la cual resultó ser positiva en un 60,9 por ciento, siendo marcadamente superior para las lesiones pigmentarias e inferior para lesiones degenerativas, cuadros infecciosos y tumores clasificados como pre-malignos o malignos.

We made a retrospective review of 1166 cases of conjuntival lesions, accepted for its study at the Laboratory of Ocular Pathology, University of Chile, from 1968 to 2005. Based on this survey, different histopathologic diagnosis were described, characterized by its frequency, gender distribution, age, location and time of evolution. The average age was 36 years, with a 51,5 percent being male, and an average time of evolution of 68 months. Most frequent lesions were pigmented (44,2 percent), followed by epithelial (22, 7 percent), and infectious diseases (10,9 percent). The most frequent location was bulbar. A clinical - pathologic correlation was established, being positive in 60,9 percent of cases. It was noticeable superior for pigmented lesions, and inferior for degenerative lesions, infectious disease and tumors classified as pre malignants or malignants.

Costo beneficio del estudio de diseminación en estadios I y II del cáncer de mama / Yield and costs of complementary examinations to study the disseminations of stage I and II breast carcinoma

Chest X ray, abdominal ultrasound and bone scintigraphy are usually requested to study a possible dissemination of breast carcinoma. Aim: To study the yield and costs of these exams in the study of dissemination of stage I and II breast carcinoma. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of patients operated for a breast carcinoma in a public surgical service. A chest X ray, abdominal ultrasound and bone scintigraphy was requested to all patients in the immediate postoperative period. Age, stage according to pathological TNM and costs per patient were registered. Results: Of 210 women operated, 40 were in stage I (19 percent) and 85 in stage II (41 percent). Dissemination study was negative in all stage I patients and in all but two patients in stage II. The yield for detection of distant metastases in these patients was 0.9 percent for chest X ray, 0 percent for abdominal ultrasound and 0.9 percent for bone scintigraphy. The total cost of the study, in Chilean pesos, was $10,369,620 in a public hospital and $16,535,400 in a private clinic. Discussion: Additional exams to detect distant metastases in early stages of breast carcinoma have a low yield and high costs