The correlation of beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin level in the serum and first morning urine of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the correlation of beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level in the serum and first morning urine samples of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). A total of 81 paired serum and first morning urine samples from 24 patients diagnosed with GTD, who had their follow-up at the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. The paired serum and first morning urine samples were measured for beta-hCG level, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After logarithmic transformation, serum beta-hCG level was strongly and significantly correlated to those of first morning urine samples, with the correlation coefficient of 0.97 (p < 0.01). Among the disease-remission group (serum beta-hCG of less than 5 mIU/ml), the correlation coefficient was 0.52 (p < 0.01), which was still statistically significant. Stronger statistical significance was found in the disease-active group (serum beta-hCG of 5 mIU/ml or higher), with the correlation coefficient of 0.95 (p < 0.01). We concluded that the level of serum beta-hCG was strongly and significantly correlated with those of first morning urine samples, especially in patients with active disease. Determination of beta-hCG level using first morning urine samples can be used as an effective mean in the follow-up of patients with GTD.

Hepatitis B- and hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein as a diagnostic marker.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, especially in Asia and Africa. The prognosis of HCC is very poor because of the high malignancy and the failure of early diagnosis which is mainly dependent on the late onset of clinical symptoms. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most commonly known risk factor for developing HCC. Mass screening and monitoring of general population or of high-risk population, by measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have been implemented in several countries. However, the use of AFP as a diagnostic marker for HCC is questionable due to its limited sensitivity and specificity. This article analyzed the serum level of AFP in 72 histopathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma cases in Thailand. Elevation of serum AFP was detected in 75.6%, 88.9%, 79.2% and 80.0% of patients with HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, respectively. However, only 58.8% of HCC patients without any of the four markers had elevation of serum AFP. AFP is thus not a sensitive screening marker for HCC in general population, especially in those not associated with HBV or HCV. However, since elevated serum AFP was found in most patients with evidence of HBV or HCV infection, the monitoring of serum AFP level in those high-risk patients can be valuable for screening and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma.