Relationship between Abdominal Obesity and Prevalence of Other Chronic Diseases in Korean Adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 to 2020

Background@#The burden of disease caused by obesity is high worldwide, and the rate of obesity among adult men in Korea is increasing rapidly. Previous studies have shown that people with abdominal obesity have a higher risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of chronic diseases among Korean adults. @*Methods@#Using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2020, adults over 19 years of age were selected as research subjects. A chi square independence test was conducted to investigate the basic demographic characteristics of patients with abdominal obesity and the prevalence of chronic diseases. The relationship between abdominal obesity and each chronic disease was verified using multiple logistic regression analysis that adjusted for multiple chronic diseases. @*Results@#The risk of all chronic diseases was higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the non-abdominal obese group. When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age, gender, education level, income level, smoking, alcohol use and multiple chronic disease, the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and arthritis was higher in the abdominal obesity group. @*Conclusions@#Abdominal obesity is related to chronic diseases. The management and prevention of abdominal obesity should be emphasized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Primary Follicular Lymphoma in the Rectum Incidentally Found on Screening Colonoscopy / 대한소화기학회지

The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the incidence of primary rectal lymphoma is extremely rare. Among the primary gastrointestinal lymphomas, follicular lymphoma has been described as a rare disease. It is difficult to diagnose rectal lymphoma due to its variable growth patterns and inadequate biopsies. Majority of patients with rectal lymphoma have non-specific symptoms or negative biopsies, often delaying the diagnosis. Our patient is a 62-year-old female. Two sessile and smooth subepithelial lesions with a yellowish normal mucosa were found on a screening colonoscopy. The initial mucosal biopsy finding was chronic inflammation, but we were highly suspicion of malignancy; we performed an endoscopic mucosal resection. Herein, we present a rare case of rectal follicular lymphoma diagnosed by endoscopic mucosal resection with a literature review.

A Case of Hemorrhage of an Esophageal Duplication Cyst Improved by Endoscopic Drainage / 대한소화기학회지

Esophageal duplication cyst is a rare congenital gastrointestinal malformation. It is the second most common duplication cyst following small bowel duplication cyst in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with an esophageal duplication cyst are generally asymptomatic; however, some patients may present the following symptoms: dysphagia, chest pain, stridor, unproductive cough, and epigastric discomfort by compression of the surrounding structures. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice in symptomatic cases and can be considered in asymptomatic cases if they are at risk for developing complications, such as ulceration or perforation. Herein, we report a case of hemorrhage of an esophageal duplication cyst, which was improved by endoscopic drainage.

A Case of Tjalma Syndrome Coincidentally Accompanied by an Ovarian Teratoma Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin-G Adjunctive Therapy

Tjalma or pseudo-pseudo Meigs' syndrome is a clinical condition that is characterized with ascites, pleural effusion, and increased serum CA-125 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without the presence of ovarian tumor. On the other hand, Meigs' and pseudo-Meigs' syndromes represent the same manifestations with ovarian tumor. In this case report, we present a 43-year-old SLE patient suffering from Tjalma syndrome with the coexistence of incidental ovarian teratoma, who was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin-G adjunctive therapy after inadequate response to surgical excision of the ovarian tumor, steroid, and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy.

Acute Ectopic Pancreatitis Occurring after Endoscopic Biopsy in a Gastric Ectopic Pancreas

Ectopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly and the most common type of ectopic tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. Most patients with an ectopic pancreas are asymptomatic and rarely have complications. Ectopic pancreatitis after an endoscopic biopsy has not been reported. We report a patient who developed acute ectopic pancreatitis in the stomach after an endoscopic biopsy. A 71-year-old male patient presented with a subepithelial tumor (SET) in the stomach and had no symptoms. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a 30-mm hypoechoic mural mass, lobulated margins, and anechoic duct-like lesions. To obtain proper tissue specimen, endoscopic biopsy was performed through the opening on the surface of the mass. The pathologic results confirmed an ectopic pancreas. One day after the endoscopic biopsy, he developed persistent epigastric pain. His serum amylase and lipase elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed swelling of the SET and diffuse edema of the gastric wall. His condition was diagnosed as acute ectopic pancreatitis occurring after endoscopic biopsy.

Clinical characteristics, pathological distribution, and prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: nationwide Korean study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Asia, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has increased in recent decades. Waldeyer's ring (WR) is the most common site of NHL involving the head and neck. In this study, the pathological distribution of WR-NHL and its clinical features were analyzed retrospectively. METHODS: From January 2000 through December 2010, we analyzed the medical records of 328 patients from nine Korean institutions who were diagnosed with WR-NHL. RESULTS: The study group comprised 197 male and 131 female patients with a median age of 58 years (range, 14 to 89). The rate of localized disease (stage I/II) was 64.9%, and that of low-risk disease (low/low-intermediate, as defined by the International Prognostic Index) was 76.8%. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 240 patients, 73.2%) was the most common pathologic subtype, followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (14 patients, 4.3%) and nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (14 patients, 4.3%). WR-NHL occurred most frequently in the tonsils (199 patients, 60.6%). Extranodal involvement was greater with the T-cell subtype (20 patients, 42.5%) compared with the B-cell subtype (69 patients, 24.5%). Multivariate analyses showed that age > or = 62 years, T-cell subtype, and failure to achieve complete remission were significant risk factors for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: DLBCL was found to have a higher incidence in Korea than those incidences reported by other WR-NHL studies. T-cell lymphoma occurred more frequently than did follicular lymphoma. T-cell subtype, age > or = 62 years, and complete remission failure after first-line treatment were significant poor prognostic factors for overall survival according to the multivariate analysis.

The Effects of Sutureless Faden Operation With Several Materials in Rabbit Models

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of sutureless faden operation to eliminate suture-related perioperative risks in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-eighty superior recti muscles of 14 rabbits were subjected to faden operation, at a distance of 6 mm from the insertion of the muscle. They were divided into four groups of 7 muscles each: group A, Beriplast-P; group B, Bard(R) mesh (12x2 mm); group C, Surgipro(R) mesh (6x2 mm); group D, Surgipro(R) mesh (6x6 mm). Rabbits were sacrificed and the eyes were enucleated. The operative field was examined upon dissection, 4 weeks after the surgery. Histopathologic sections were examined for the degree (grade 0 to 4) of inflammation, fibrosis, atrophy and/or degeneration of muscle fiber. RESULTS: Grossly, there was a mild adhesion at the myopexy site in group A, while there was greater adhesion at the myopexy site in groups B, C and D. Group B produced a pronounced adhesion, and the mesh firmly adhered to the sclera as well as to adjacent tissue. Upon histologic examination, group A showed a mild inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, whereas groups B and D showed a moderate inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. The degree of fibrosis in group D was more severe than that in group A (p0.05). There was atrophy and degeneration in the muscle fiber in all groups, with the exception of group D. CONCLUSIONS: In the rabbit model, 6x6 mm sized Surgipro(R) mesh may be the best material in sutureless faden operation.

Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Treatment of Patients with Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm is a common source of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but distal MCA aneurysms are rare. This present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the distal MCA aneurysms and the optimal treatment for a good outcome. METHODS: Among 3323 patients underwent aneurysmal surgery from 1975 to 2007, 21 patients with distal MCA aneurysm was identified. The clinical, radiological and operative records of 21 patients with distal MCA aneurysms who underwent surgical management were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: The clinical analyses of 21 patients with distal MCA aneurysms has following characteristics. (1) Mean aneurysm size of 5.3mm (range 2~8mm). (2) All lesions were considered to be saccular except one case. (3) The location being M2 in one patient, M2-3 junction in 12, M3 in 3, and M4 in 5 patients. (4) In 7 of 21 patients, initial CT scan revealed intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (5) All patients underwent surgical treatment for aneurysm; the procedures were clipping in 17 patients, trapping in 2 patients, trapping and end-to-end anastomosis in 1 patient, and direct vessel suture in 1 patient. (6) All patients without ICH had a good recovery. However, the patient with ICH had a different prognosis. Of the 7 patients with ICH, 4 patients had a good recovery and 2 patients had a moderate disability. 1 patient died due to severe brain swelling. CONCLUSION: The patients with distal MCA aneurysm were relatively young, and there was no female predominance. The aneurysms have high rates of cardiac problems such as infective endocarditis or mitral valve prolapse, attributing to be developed infectious aneurysm. Ruptured distal MCA aneurysms are rare and can cause life-threatening ICH with SAH. However, the appropriate surgical treatments can obtain a favorable outcome.

Progressively Enlarged Intracerebral Ependymal Cyst Presenting with Movement Disorder

Ependymal cysts are neuroepithelial cysts, typically found in the central white matter of the temporoparietal and frontal lobes. Clinical symptoms usually result from neurological deficits referable to these regions, from seizures, and chronic headaches associated with increased intracranial pressure. We describe here a case of ependymal cyst on the right fronto-parietal lobe, presenting with tremor and weakness. The cyst was resected surgically and presurgical neurological abnormalities were improved. An exploratory surgery with establishment of an adequate route of drainage and histological examination of the cyst wall are mandatory in the management of patients with a progressive and symptomatic intraparenchymal cyst.

Visual prognosis of patients undergoing cataract extraction and its relationship with that of the contralateral eye

PURPOSE: This study is to evaluate the visual prognosis according to the ocular morbidity of the fellow eye in a national university hospital located in rural area. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 390 eyes of 315 patients who had undergone cataract surgery. We assessed the change of postoperative visual acuity and the state of preoperative fellow eye. RESULTS: The age at cataract surgery was the highest in the sixties (29.2%) and seventies (27.7%). The patients older than 80 of age were 10.0%. Preoperative ocular co morbidities (23.3%) were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal opacity, uveitis, etc. Preoperatively, 91.3% of all cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but 3 months after surgery, 72.1% of all had 0.5 or better. At postoperative 3 months, 27.9% showed visual acuity of 0.4 or less and the ocular co morbidities were found in 67.0%. Preoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the fellow eye was 10.2%. Preoperatively, 97.5% of these cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but only 40% had 0.5 or better postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were poor in patients whose preoperative visual acuity was less than 0.1 in the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: The age at cataract surgery was the highest in the sixties (29.2%) and seventies (27.7%). The patients older than 80 of age were 10.0%. Preoperative ocular co morbidities (23.3%) were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal opacity, uveitis, etc. Preoperatively, 91.3% of all cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but 3 months after surgery, 72.1% of all had 0.5 or better. At postoperative 3 months, 27.9% showed visual acuity of 0.4 or less and the ocular co morbidities were found in 67.0%. Preoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the fellow eye was 10.2%. Preoperatively, 97.5% of these cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but only 40% had 0.5 or better postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were poor in patients whose preoperative visual acuity was less than 0.1 in the fellow eye.

Clinical Analysis of Monocular Blindness

PURPOSE: There has been no epidemiological data on unilateral visual disabilities in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the causes and current clinical manifestation of unilateral blindness in Korea based on the register. METHODS: This study was performed of all unilateral blindness registered as sixth degree visual disability from January to December 2000. Sex, the age at onset, and leading causes of blindness were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 145 patients with available clinical data, men were 114(78.6%). The peak incidence of onset of unilateral blindness were at less than 10 years of age(32 patients, 22.1%) and twenties(29 patients, 20.0%). It was found that the leading causes in order of frequency of incidence were trauma(81 patients, 55.9%), congenital anomaly(20 patients, 13.8%), retinal disease(17 patients, 11.7%), glaucoma(12 patients, 8.2%), and corneal disease(7 patients, 4.8%). The mechanism of trauma was penetrating trauma(38 patients, 46.9%), traffic accident(21 patients, 25.9%), and blunt contusion(11 patients, 13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The unilateral blindness in Korea was much more frequently seen in subjects aged 10 years or less and twenties. The main cause was trauma developed during playing or working. Therefore, health education and safety strategies should be considered for the prevention of unilateral blindness.

Aspergillosis presenting as an optic neuritis

A 59-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with sudden visual loss in her right eye after she was treated with 40 mg/day of oral prednisolone for 2 weeks under the diagnosis of idiopathic optic neuritis. At that time, computerized tomography (CT) of the brain showed no evidence of optic nerve or brain pathology. However, there was progressive diminution of right visual acuity associated with a limitation of adduction and abduction in the right eye. On magnetic resonance imaging and repeated CT, a malignant lesion was suggested, and was confirmed as an Aspergillus fungus colony by histopathologic examination. Postoperatively, she was treated with intravenous administration of amphotericin B for 13 weeks. However, her condition continued to deteriorate. She developed ptosis and total ophthalmoplegia in the right eye and blindness in both eyes. After discharge, she was given itraconazole for 20 weeks. She has shown no recovery of visual acuity or extraocular motion during a two-year follow-up period. The clinical features of our case suggest that early diagnosis in a case of aspergilloma presenting with visual loss is difficult and that a high index of suspicion, repeated radiological examination and adequate biopsy may be required for diagnosis.

Prepapillary Vascular Loops Associated with Retinal Diseases

PURPOSE: Prepapillary vascular loops are blood vessels that project from the optic disc into the vitreous cavity and then return to the disc to continue their natural cource. Ninety percent are arterial in origin and usually congenital anomaly. We report four cases of prepapillary vascular loops associated with retinal and choroidal disorders. METHODS: Prepapillary vascular channel which showed twisted or ringlike appearance without leakage on fluorescein angiogram constituted the diagnosis. However, there may be a sector delay in filling of the optic disc or retina supplied by the loop due to the increased distance that blood must travel through the loop. RESULTS: These cases are not associated with vision-threatening diseases. The associated retinal diseases are diabetic retinopathy in one case, retinitis pigmentosa in one case, contralateral posterior uveitis in two cases. They are arterial loops. In two eyes were observed multiple prepapillary vascular loops. The vessels may appear as simple hairpin loops, spiral, or corkscrew configuration. In our cases, the presence of a cilioretinal artery and retinal artery obstruction could not be determined; other complication associated with prepapillary vascular loops were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that prepapillary vascular loops may occur acquiredly associated with other ocular diseases.

Neonatal Dacryocystitis Associated with Nasolacrimal Duct Cysts / 대한이비인후과학회지

Although congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction occurs commonly in infants, it rarely results in neonatal dacryocystitis. Recent reports have indicated a frequent association of neonatal dacryocystitis and nasolacrimal duct cysts. We experienced a case of bilateral nasolacrimal duct cysts in a neonate with dacryocystitis. Marsupialization of the cysts was safely accomplished under the direct endoscopic visualization using a microdebrider. The patient had an excellent postoperative course without recurrence. We report it with a review of the literature.

A Case of Adenoma of the Common Bile Duct Originating at the Cystic Duct Opening / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Adenoma is a benign epithelial lesion with malignant potential and can be found at any site of the gastrointestinal tract. Adenoma of the common bile duct is a rare and unusual cause of bile duct obstruction. We report a case of tubulovillous adenoma of the common bile duct at the cystic duct opening. A 1.8X1.2X1 cm sized, round and lobulated mass was noted on abdominal sonogram, CT scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram, and it was confirmed and treated by surgical resection.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: a case report

No abstract available.

Invasive aspergillosis of the maxillary antrum and lung in a patient with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis

No abstract available.

Treatment and pathologic study of pleomorphic adenomas

No abstract available.

Central giant cell granuloma and cementifying fibroma occurring in the same lesion of right mandibular body: a case report

No abstract available.

Cleidocranial dysplasia: a preliminary report

No abstract available.