RESUMO
John Cunningham virus infection is an important cause of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in the context of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Limited data are available regarding the true incidence of PML as a presenting manifestation of HIV. We report one such case and also highlight the effective use of polymerase chain reaction in confirming its diagnosis.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Vírus JC/genética , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva/diagnóstico , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Microscopia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Virologia/métodosRESUMO
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, acts selectively through omega 1 receptors of GABAA. It is thought to be safer than benzodiazepines but we report a case of zolpidem drug abuse, dependence and withdrawal seizure.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Transtorno de Pânico/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/etiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologiaRESUMO
Megalencephalic leukocncephalopathy is rare disorder seen in India in patient belonging to Agarwal community. Many of the patients may have a mild clinical course with gradual worsening of neurological disability. A case is being reported who was followed for 17 years and paradoxically showed radiological and clinical improvement.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Eletroencefalografia , Seguimentos , Marcha/fisiologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Humanos , Índia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Brainstem death and brain death although practically same with regards to the concept of organ donation, remain technically different. Brain death mandates irreversible cessation of all the functions of the entire brain and brainstem while brainstem death signifies irreversible damage to the brainstem. As per the Indian law, brainstem death is the legal requirement and not brain death.
Assuntos
Morte Encefálica/diagnóstico , Tronco Encefálico , Humanos , Índia , Transplante de Órgãos/legislação & jurisprudênciaAssuntos
Adulto , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Fácies , Humanos , Lentigo , Masculino , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , SíndromeRESUMO
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an uncommon cause of stroke. A 12 year old girl with this syndrome is reported who presented with thrombotic stroke and high titres of anticardiolipin (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LAC). The patient improved subsequently and was put on aspirin. The present report highlights the importance of screening for aCL and LAC in cases of stroke in young patients.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anticardiolipina/sangue , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/sangue , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Embolia Intracraniana/sangue , Inibidor de Coagulação do Lúpus/sangue , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tálamo/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Forty cases of diaphyseal fracture of humerus were treated by functional cast bracing (FCB). Results were compared with a series of 25 patients treated by U cast method. Average time taken for union was 7.5 weeks with a range of 5-14 weeks by FCB method. Fractures treated by U cast method took on an average 10 weeks to unite. Stiffness at shoulder and elbow was uniformly found in patients treated by U cast. More than 50% patients had varus angulation less than 5 degrees after treatment by FCB. Only 16% had varus angulation less than 5 degrees by U cast method while 32% had varus angulation more than 15 degrees. FCB is distinctly superior method of treatment for diaphyseal fracture of humerus.