RESUMO
Background: Because of vulnerability of the elders in disasters, preparedness of this group is very important in reducing the damages caused by the earthquake. Therefore, the present study designed and conducted with the purpose of developing interventions to increase earthquake preparedness and risk reduction in the elderly people living in Hadishahr Jolfa City, Iran
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest design and a control group. Fifty community dwelling elderly people were selected through simple random sampling method from 2 health centers and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention program consisted of educational sessions with slideshows, group discussions, and sending reminder materials to their addresses a week later. The data were collected using the researcher developed preparedness questionnaire consisting of 58 items with 4 subscales [communication, environmental, during and after earthquake period]. Inferential analyses of data, including analysis of covariance was done by SPSS version 16
Results: The findings showed that scores in all subscales of earthquake preparedness [communication, environment, during and after earthquake] significantly increased after educational intervention [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Preparedness programs for disaster risk reduction has a positive effect on the elders' preparedness. Thus, similar multimodal preparedness programs should be used more frequently for this vulnerable community citizens
RESUMO
Statement of the Problem: Denture stomatitis is the common form of oral candidiasis, which is seen in the form of diffused inflammation in the areas covered by dentures. Many primary studies report the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans among patients in the Iranian population; therefore, using meta-analysis is valuable for health policy makers
Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans in Iran
Materials and Method: Using relevant keywords, national and international databases were searched. After limiting the search strategy and deleting the duplicates, the remaining papers were screened by examining the title and abstract. In order to increase the sensitivity of search reference lists of papers were examined. Finally the index of heterogeneity between studies was defined using Cochran test [Q] and Isquared [I2]. According to heterogeneity, the random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans in Iran
Result: The prevalence of denture stomatitis in 12 studies, and the prevalence of candida albicans in patients with denture stomatitis have been reported in 6 studies. The number of sample under investigated and its age range among primary studies included meta- analysis was 2271 individuals and 32.7 till 87.5 years respectively. The prevalence of denture stomatitis in preliminary studies imported to a meta-analysis varied from 1.9% to 54.6%, and its rate in Iran using the meta-analysis was estimated 28.9 % [CI 95%: 18.2-39.6]. Also the overall prevalence of candida albicans in patients with denture stomatitis in Iran was estimated 60.6% [CI 95%:50.1-71.2]
Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans among patient infected denture stomatitis is relatively significant in Iran
RESUMO
Although several potential risk factors have been discussed, risk factors associated with bacterial colonization or even infection of catheters used for regional anesthesia are not very well investigated. The prospective observational trial. Department of Anesthesiology Shaheed Beheshti Hospital Shiraz. Period: From April 2003 to April 2004. 297 catheters at several anatomical sites where placed using a standardized technique. The site of insertion was then monitored daily for signs of infection [secretion at the insertion site, redness, swelling, or local pain]. The catheters were removed when clinically indicated [no or moderate postoperative pain] or when signs of potential infection occurred. After sterile removal they were prospectively analyzed for colonization, defined as > 15 colony forming units. 50 [16.7%] of all catheters were colonized, and 27 [9.1%] of these with additional signs of local inflammation. Three of these patients required antibiotic treatment due to superficial infections. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with catheter colonization. Out of 26 potential factors, three came out as statistically significant. Catheter placement in the groin [odds-ratio and 95%-confidence interval: 3.4; 1.5-7.8], and repeated changing of the catheter dressing [odds-ratio: 2.1; 1.4-3.3 per removal] increased the risk for colonization, whereas systemic antibiotics administered postoperatively decreased it [odds ratio: 0.41; 0.12-1.0]. Conclusion Colonization of peripheral and epidural nerve catheter can only in part be predicted at the time of catheter insertion since two out of three relevant variables that significantly influence the risk can only be recorded postoperatively. Catheter localization in the groin, removal of the dressing and omission of postoperative antibiotics were associated with, but were not necessarily causal for bacterial colonization. These factors might help to identify patients who are at increased risk for catheter colonization