[Description and relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and procedural justice among nurses affiliated to hospitals of Tehran university of medical sciences in 2012]

Recognizing predictors and correlated factors of organizational citizenship behavior [OCB], as an important agent in productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of organization can finally help to improve quality of patients care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OCB and procedural justice in nurses. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, in which 400 questionnaires distributed among nurses among fifteen hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science [TUMS] using multistage cluster sampling method. A total of 380 questionnaires were returned of which 373 questionnaires were completed and usable for the study. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, comparison tests and Pearson coefficient were used. Perceived procedural justice had a positive significant correlation with nurse's OCB [r=0.135, p<0.05]. Overall mean score of OCB was 3.84 +/- 0.4 [Partly desirable level], while the respondent' means score of perceived procedural justice was at level of ''partly undesirable''. Male nurses had better perception about existing procedural justice in their hospital compared to female coworkers [p<0.05]. According to finding of the survey, related officials should pay more attention in selection and appointment of head nurses, supervisors as well as matrons in affiliated hospital. Using job training and managerial education help to enhance nurse's organizational citizenship behavior through increasing level of their perceived procedural justice

effects of dopamine receptor agents on swim stress-induced inhibition of naloxone-induced jumping behavior in morphine-dependent mice

In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress [WSS] on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone [1 mg/kg], was injected to elicit jumping [as a withdrawal sign]. The first group exposed to WSS in the presence or absence of dopamine receptor drugs, before naloxone injection, in order to test the interaction of dopamine receptor mechanisms with WSS on expression of jumping behavior. When the animals were exposed to WSS for periods of 0.5, 1 or 3 min, 15 min prior to naloxone injection, WSS administration for a period of 3 min decreased the expression of jumping, but not diarrhea induced by naloxone. The Dl receptor agonist, SKF38393 [l-phenyl-7,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine hydrochloride; 8 and 16 mg/kg], Dl receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 [R-[+]-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-lHbenzazepine=7-ol maleate; 0.0025 and 0.005 mg/kg], D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole [0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg] and D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride [50 mg/kg], potentiated the inhibition of jumping induced by WSS. Quinpirole, but not other dopamine receptor agents, increased diarrhea. In the second group of animals, effects of the dopamine receptor drugs; during development of morphine dependence, in the presence of WSS administration were tested. Administration of apomorphine [1 and 2 mg/kg] or SKF 38393 [8 mg/kg] in the presence of WSS, during the development of morphine dependence increased jumping, while quinpirole [0.5 mg/kg] decreased diarrhea. In contrary, neither sulpiride nor SCH 23390 did not alter jumping or diarrhea induced by naloxone. It could be concluded that dopamine receptor mechanism[s] and/or WSS could be related the development of morphine dependency