Prevalence and related factors for choosing self-medication among pharmacies visitors based on health belief model in Hamadan province, west of Iran

Self-medication has increased in the last decade in Iran; can be followed several complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing self-medication based on health belief model. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1400 Hamadan Province pharmacies visitors, during spring and summer 2012 which was randomly selected with the proportional to size among different pharmacy at Hamadan for participation in this study. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data, which were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using bivariate correlations and logistic regression statistical tests. 35.4% of the participants had self-medication. Pain medication [10.6%], antibiotics [7.3%] and anti-cough and cold medications [4.5%] had the largest consumption. The main reasons of self-medication among participants were previous use of medication, symptoms improve and similar prescribed. The best predictor for self-medication was perceived severity with odds ratio estimate of 0.790 [95% CI: 0.694, 0.900]. It seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to increase seriousness about side effect of self-medication may be usefulness of the results in order to prevent of self-medication

impact of cognitive-behavioral stress management training program on job stress in hospital nurses: applying PRECEDE model

Nursing is one of the most stressful jobs. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a cognitive-behavioral stress management training program based on PRECEDE model on stress reduction among nurses. In this quasi-experimental study, which was conducted in 2010, 58 female nurses in Hamadan, northwest Iran were enrolled in the study and were divided into two equal groups included 29 nurses from one Hospital and 29 nurses from the other as intervention and control groups respectively. The data collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics and nursing stress scale [NSS]. In addition, a questionnaire based on PRECEDE model was used in order to assess predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors. The intervention was a training program including five sessions during three weeks in which relaxation and problem-solving training was thought. A pre-test and a post-test were performed 1.5 months apart. The t-test, Mann Whitney and Willxocon statistical tests were used for data analysis at 95% significant level using SPSS 13. The baseline score average of job stress was 113.0 and 109.8 for intervention and control groups respectively [P=0.250]. After intervention, score average of job stress decreased to 94.0 in experimental group while that of control group remained relatively unchanged [109.2], [P<0.001]. A significant difference was found in PRECEDE model constructs and stress management behaviors in intervention group compared to control group after training interventions [P<0.001]. Training programs based on PRECEDE model might be effective on decreasing job stress in nurses